Volvo ABVOLAF -1.64%91 Graham Number is $16.78 as of Mar. 2026, which is 1041% above its 10-year median of 1.47. GuruFocus rates VOLAF with a GF Score™ of 91/100 and a GF Value™ of $24.84 (Significantly Overvalued). The stock has 7 warning signs investors should review. Among 162 Farm & Heavy Construction Machinery companies, Volvo AB ranks worse than 77.78% on this metric.
Graham Number is a figure that measures a stock's fundamental value by taking into account the company's earnings per share and book value per share. The Graham number is the upper bound of the price range that a defensive investor should pay for the stock. According to the theory, any stock price below the Graham number is considered undervalued, and thus worth investing in.
As of today (2026-07-03), the stock price of Volvo AB is $34.15. Volvo AB's graham number for the quarter that ended in Mar. 2026 was $16.78. Therefore, Volvo AB's Price to Graham Number ratio for today is 2.03.
The historical rank and industry rank for Volvo AB's Graham Number or its related term are showing as below:
VOLAF'
s Price-to-Graham-Number Range Over the Past 10 Years
Min: 0.9 Med: 1.47 Max: 2.12
Current: 2.12
During the past 13 years, the highest Price to Graham Number ratio of Volvo AB was 2.12. The lowest was 0.90. And the median was 1.47.
VOLAF's Price-to-Graham-Number is ranked worse than 77.78% of 162
companies
in the Farm & Heavy Construction Machinery industry
Industry Median: 1.18
vs VOLAF: 2.12
Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation. It is a very conservative way of valuing a stock.
Volvo AB (OTCPK:VOLAF) Graham Number Explanation
Ben Graham actually did not publish a formula like this. But he wrote in The Intelligent Investor (1948 version) regarding to the criteria for purchases:
Current price should not be more than 15 times average earnings of the past three years.
Current price should not be more than 1.5 times the book value last reported. However, a multiplier of earnings below 15 could justify a correspondingly higher multiplier of assets. As a rule of thumb we suggest that the product of the multiplier times the ratio of price to book value should not exceed 22.5. (This figure corresponds to 15 times earnings and 1.5 times book value. It would admit an issue selling at only 9 times earnings and 2.5 times asset value, etc.)
Unlike valuation methods such as DCF or Discounted Earnings, the Graham number does not take growth into the valuation. Unlike the valuation methods based on book value alone, it takes into account the earnings power. Therefore, the Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation.
In general, the Graham number is a very conservative way of valuing a stock. It cannot be applied to companies with negative book values.
Volvo AB's Price to Graham number Ratio for today is calculated as
Price to Graham number
=
Share Price (Today)
/
Graham number (Q: Mar. 2026 )
=
34.15
/
16.78
=
2.03
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Be Aware
Please keep these in mind:
1. Graham Number does not take growth into account. Therefore it underestimates the values of the companies that have good earnings growth. We feel that if the earnings per share grows more than 10% a year, Graham Number underestimates the value.
2. Graham Number punishes the companies that have temporarily low earnings. Therefore, an average of earnings makes more sense in the calculation of Graham Number.
3. Graham Numbers underestimates companies that are light with book.
Volvo AB Graham Number Related Terms
Volvo AB Graham Number Historical Data
* Premium members only.
The historical data trend for Volvo AB's Graham Number can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
For the Farm & Heavy Construction Machinery subindustry, Volvo AB's Price-to-Graham-Number, along with its competitors' market caps and Price-to-Graham-Number data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Volvo AB Price-to-Graham-Number vs Farm & Heavy Construction Machinery Industry
For the Farm & Heavy Construction Machinery industry and Industrials sector, Volvo AB's Price-to-Graham-Number distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Volvo AB's Price-to-Graham-Number falls into.
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Volvo AB (VOLAF) has a Graham Number of $16.78 as of Mar. 2026. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on Volvo AB and its competitors. This is 1041% above median its historical median of 1.47. Over the past decade, Volvo AB's Graham Number has ranged from 0.90 to 2.12. According to the industry distribution chart, Volvo AB ranks #126 out of 162 companies in the Farm & Heavy Construction Machinery industry, placing it in the top 77.8%.
Is Volvo AB's Graham Number too high?
Volvo AB's current Graham Number of $16.78 is 1041% above median its 10-year median of 1.47. Over the past 10 years, this metric has ranged from a low of 0.90 to a high of 2.12. The Farm & Heavy Construction Machinery industry median Graham Number is 1.18. Volvo AB's value of $16.78 is 1322% above this industry median. Based on the distribution chart, Volvo AB ranks #126 out of 162 companies in the Farm & Heavy Construction Machinery industry, which is in the bottom quartile relative to peers. Overall, Volvo AB has a GF Score™ of 91/100 and is considered Significantly Overvalued, reflecting its overall financial health beyond just this single metric.
How does Volvo AB's Graham Number compare to CAT and DE?
According to the Farm & Heavy Construction Machinery industry distribution chart, Volvo AB ranks #126 out of 162 companies for Graham Number. This places Volvo AB in the lower half of its industry. The industry median Graham Number is 1.18. Volvo AB's value of $16.78 is 1322% above this benchmark. Historically, Volvo AB's own Graham Number has ranged from 0.90 to 2.12 over the past decade. While the company's 10-year median is 1.47 vs. the industry median of 1.18, Volvo AB has consistently been above the industry average. See the competitive comparison table and distribution chart on this page for a detailed peer-by-peer breakdown.
What is a good Graham Number for a Farm & Heavy Construction Machinery company?
The median Graham Number among Farm & Heavy Construction Machinery companies is 1.18, based on 162 companies in the industry. Companies in the top quartile (top 25%) have a Graham Number significantly above this median, while those in the bottom quartile fall well below. However, Graham Number should not be evaluated in isolation — investors should consider it alongside profitability, growth, and financial strength metrics. Volvo AB's current Graham Number of $16.78 is 1322% above the industry median. Use the industry distribution chart on this page to see where any company falls relative to its peers.
What does a high Graham Number mean?
A high Graham Number can signal that a stock is expensive relative to its fundamentals. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on Volvo AB and its competitors. For the Farm & Heavy Construction Machinery industry, the median Graham Number is 1.18 — values significantly above this may indicate overvaluation, while values below may suggest a bargain or underlying issues. Volvo AB's current Graham Number is $16.78, which is 1041% above median its own 10-year median of 1.47. However, context matters — high-growth companies often justify higher valuations. Always evaluate alongside other metrics like GF Score™ and GF Value™.
Is Volvo AB stock overvalued right now?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, Volvo AB (VOLAF) is currently considered Significantly Overvalued. The stock's GF Value™ is $24.84, compared to a current price of $34.15 — trading 37.5% above its estimated fair value. The current Graham Number is $16.78, which is 1041% above median its 10-year median of 1.47 and 1322% above the Farm & Heavy Construction Machinery industry median of 1.18. Volvo AB's overall GF Score™ is 91/100 with 7 warning signs to review. Investors should evaluate multiple metrics — including profitability, growth, and financial strength — before making a decision.
How is Graham Number calculated?
Graham Number is calculated from a company's financial statements. For Volvo AB (VOLAF), the current Graham Number is $16.78 as of Mar. 2026. GuruFocus calculates this using data sourced from SEC filings and annual reports. See the calculation section and 30-year financial data on this page for the full breakdown.
Is Volvo AB (VOLAF) Overvalued in 2026?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, Volvo AB stock appears to be overvalued.
The current stock price of $34.15 is trading 37.5% above its estimated GF Value™ of $24.84.
GuruFocus considers Volvo AB to be Significantly Overvalued.
Key valuation signals for VOLAF:
Graham Number: $16.78 (1041% above median its 10-year median of 1.47)
GF Value™: $24.84 vs. price of $34.15 (37.5% above fair value)
Industry Position: 1322% above the Farm & Heavy Construction Machinery median (#126 of 162)
No single metric tells the full story. See the VOLAF stock analysis page for a complete view including 30-year financials, guru trades, and insider activity.
The Volvo Group is one of the largest global truck, bus, construction equipment, and engine and power system original equipment manufacturers, operating with the Volvo, Renault Truck, Mack Trucks, Volvo Penta, and Nova Bus brands. Among the four largest Western global brands—Volvo, Daimler, Paccar, and Traton—Volvo ranks third in terms of annual deliveries. Its truck, construction equipment, bus, and engines and power system segments contributed 71%, 18%, 5%, and 5%, respectively, to industrial operations' revenue in 2025. An in-house financial services division supports these businesses. In its key regions of Europe, North America, Brazil, and Australia, the truck business holds large market shares of 29%, 17%, 24%, and 22%, respectively.
91GF Score
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