Titagarh Rail Systems Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for Titagarh Rail Systems's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Titagarh Rail Systems Beneish M-Score Chart
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Titagarh Rail Systems Annual Data
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Mar24 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.75 |
-2.46 |
-2.61 |
-1.77 |
-1.30 |
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Titagarh Rail Systems Quarterly Data
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| Beneish M-Score |
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-1.30 |
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Competitive Comparison of Titagarh Rail Systems's Beneish M-Score
For the Railroads subindustry, Titagarh Rail Systems's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Titagarh Rail Systems's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Transportation Industry
For the Transportation industry and Industrials sector, Titagarh Rail Systems's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Titagarh Rail Systems's Beneish M-Score falls into.
Titagarh Rail Systems Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Titagarh Rail Systems for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 1.2791 | + | 0.528 * 0.9197 | + | 0.404 * 1.4073 | + | 0.892 * 1.3811 | + | 0.115 * 0.9583 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 0.8556 | + | 4.679 * 0.062289 | - | 0.327 * 0.5329 |
| = | -1.30 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Mar24) TTM: | Last Year (Mar23) TTM: |
Total Receivables was ₹7,840 Mil.
Revenue was ₹38,053 Mil.
Gross Profit was ₹5,110 Mil.
Total Current Assets was ₹19,868 Mil.
Total Assets was ₹32,164 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was ₹8,461 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was ₹271 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was ₹164 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was ₹7,300 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was ₹1,311 Mil.
Net Income was ₹2,861 Mil.
Gross Profit was ₹0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was ₹858 Mil.
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Total Receivables was ₹4,438 Mil.
Revenue was ₹27,553 Mil.
Gross Profit was ₹3,403 Mil.
Total Current Assets was ₹11,212 Mil.
Total Assets was ₹20,271 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was ₹7,342 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was ₹225 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was ₹139 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was ₹8,693 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was ₹1,491 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (7839.828 / 38053.059) | / | (4438.079 / 27553.145) |
| = | 0.206024 | / | 0.161073 |
| | = | 1.2791 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (3403.197 / 27553.145) | / | (5110.316 / 38053.059) |
| = | 0.123514 | / | 0.134294 |
| | = | 0.9197 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (19868.128 + 8461.435) / 32164.119) | / | (1 - (11212.259 + 7341.791) / 20271.355) |
| = | 0.119218 | / | 0.084716 |
| | = | 1.4073 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 38053.059 | / | 27553.145 |
| | = | 1.3811 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (225.035 / (225.035 + 7341.791)) | / | (271.012 / (271.012 + 8461.435)) |
| = | 0.02974 | / | 0.031035 |
| | = | 0.9583 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (163.967 / 38053.059) | / | (138.765 / 27553.145) |
| = | 0.004309 | / | 0.005036 |
| | = | 0.8556 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((1310.603 + 7300.444) / 32164.119) | / | ((1490.842 + 8693.324) / 20271.355) |
| = | 0.267722 | / | 0.502392 |
| | = | 0.5329 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (2861.416 - 0 | - | 857.931) | / | 32164.119 |
| | = | 0.062289 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Titagarh Rail Systems has a M-score of -1.30 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
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