VRL Logistics Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for VRL Logistics's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
VRL Logistics Beneish M-Score Chart
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VRL Logistics Annual Data
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Mar15 |
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Mar18 |
Mar19 |
Mar20 |
Mar21 |
Mar22 |
Mar23 |
Mar24 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-3.47 |
-3.55 |
-3.34 |
-2.21 |
-3.11 |
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VRL Logistics Quarterly Data
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Dec19 |
Mar20 |
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Mar24 |
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Sep24 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-3.11 |
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Competitive Comparison of VRL Logistics's Beneish M-Score
For the Trucking subindustry, VRL Logistics's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
VRL Logistics's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Transportation Industry
For the Transportation industry and Industrials sector, VRL Logistics's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where VRL Logistics's Beneish M-Score falls into.
VRL Logistics Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of VRL Logistics for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 0.978 | + | 0.528 * 1.2853 | + | 0.404 * 0.7532 | + | 0.892 * 1.0927 | + | 0.115 * 1.0085 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 0.8698 | + | 4.679 * -0.151346 | - | 0.327 * 1.19 |
| = | -3.11 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Mar24) TTM: | Last Year (Mar23) TTM: |
Total Receivables was ₹893 Mil.
Revenue was ₹28,714 Mil.
Gross Profit was ₹2,556 Mil.
Total Current Assets was ₹2,088 Mil.
Total Assets was ₹22,140 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was ₹19,229 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was ₹2,162 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was ₹103 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was ₹3,865 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was ₹7,676 Mil.
Net Income was ₹889 Mil.
Gross Profit was ₹0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was ₹4,239 Mil.
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Total Receivables was ₹836 Mil.
Revenue was ₹26,278 Mil.
Gross Profit was ₹3,007 Mil.
Total Current Assets was ₹2,789 Mil.
Total Assets was ₹18,917 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was ₹15,195 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was ₹1,724 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was ₹109 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was ₹3,062 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was ₹5,225 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (893.117 / 28714.123) | / | (835.789 / 26278.183) |
| = | 0.031104 | / | 0.031805 |
| | = | 0.978 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (3006.788 / 26278.183) | / | (2556.25 / 28714.123) |
| = | 0.114421 | / | 0.089024 |
| | = | 1.2853 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (2088.042 + 19228.943) / 22139.636) | / | (1 - (2788.663 + 15195.353) / 18917.261) |
| = | 0.037157 | / | 0.049333 |
| | = | 0.7532 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 28714.123 | / | 26278.183 |
| | = | 1.0927 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (1724.307 / (1724.307 + 15195.353)) | / | (2161.63 / (2161.63 + 19228.943)) |
| = | 0.101911 | / | 0.101055 |
| | = | 1.0085 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (103.424 / 28714.123) | / | (108.813 / 26278.183) |
| = | 0.003602 | / | 0.004141 |
| | = | 0.8698 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((7675.602 + 3864.512) / 22139.636) | / | ((5224.848 + 3061.539) / 18917.261) |
| = | 0.521242 | / | 0.438033 |
| | = | 1.19 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (888.511 - 0 | - | 4239.248) | / | 22139.636 |
| | = | -0.151346 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
VRL Logistics has a M-score of -3.11 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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