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RM (CHIX:RML) Beneish M-Score : -3.24 (As of Dec. 15, 2024)


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What is RM Beneish M-Score?

The zones of discrimination for M-Score is as such:

An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.

Good Sign:

Beneish M-Score -3.24 no higher than -1.78, which implies that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.

The historical rank and industry rank for RM's Beneish M-Score or its related term are showing as below:

CHIX:RMl' s Beneish M-Score Range Over the Past 10 Years
Min: -3.24   Med: -2.4   Max: -1.63
Current: -3.24

During the past 13 years, the highest Beneish M-Score of RM was -1.63. The lowest was -3.24. And the median was -2.40.


RM Beneish M-Score Historical Data

The historical data trend for RM's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:

* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.

* Premium members only.

RM Beneish M-Score Chart

RM Annual Data
Trend Nov14 Nov15 Nov16 Nov17 Nov18 Nov19 Nov20 Nov21 Nov22 Nov23
Beneish M-Score
Get a 7-Day Free Trial Premium Member Only Premium Member Only -1.96 -2.59 -2.53 -2.39 -3.24

RM Semi-Annual Data
Nov14 May15 Nov15 May16 Nov16 May17 Nov17 May18 Nov18 May19 Nov19 May20 Nov20 May21 Nov21 May22 Nov22 May23 Nov23 May24
Beneish M-Score Get a 7-Day Free Trial Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only - -2.39 - -3.24 -

Competitive Comparison of RM's Beneish M-Score

For the Software - Application subindustry, RM's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:

* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.


RM's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Software Industry

For the Software industry and Technology sector, RM's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:

* The bar in red indicates where RM's Beneish M-Score falls into.



RM Beneish M-Score Calculation

The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.

The M-Score Variables:

The M-score of RM for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:

M=-4.84+0.92 * DSRI+0.528 * GMI+0.404 * AQI+0.892 * SGI+0.115 * DEPI
=-4.84+0.92 * 0.9812+0.528 * 0.9448+0.404 * 0.8456+0.892 * 0.9114+0.115 * 0.6793
-0.172 * SGAI+4.679 * TATA-0.327 * LVGI
-0.172 * 0+4.679 * -0.133432-0.327 * 1.2639
=-3.24

* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.

This Year (Nov23) TTM:Last Year (Nov22) TTM:
Total Receivables was £27.2 Mil.
Revenue was £195.2 Mil.
Gross Profit was £66.1 Mil.
Total Current Assets was £58.3 Mil.
Total Assets was £139.8 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was £22.5 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was £8.4 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was £0.0 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was £49.4 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was £67.9 Mil.
Net Income was £-29.1 Mil.
Gross Profit was £0.0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was £-10.5 Mil.
Total Receivables was £30.4 Mil.
Revenue was £214.2 Mil.
Gross Profit was £68.5 Mil.
Total Current Assets was £69.4 Mil.
Total Assets was £202.7 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was £32.3 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was £7.3 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was £56.7 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was £118.6 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was £16.0 Mil.




1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index

Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.

A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.

DSRI=(Receivables_t / Revenue_t) / (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1)
=(27.176 / 195.186) / (30.39 / 214.167)
=0.139231 / 0.141899
=0.9812

2. GMI = Gross Margin Index

Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.

Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.

GMI=GrossMargin_t-1 / GrossMargin_t
=(GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) / (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t)
=(68.504 / 214.167) / (66.083 / 195.186)
=0.319863 / 0.338564
=0.9448

3. AQI = Asset Quality Index

AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.

Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.

AQI=(1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) / (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1)
=(1 - (58.291 + 22.546) / 139.764) / (1 - (69.351 + 32.256) / 202.654)
=0.421618 / 0.498618
=0.8456

4. SGI = Sales Growth Index

Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.

Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.

SGI=Sales_t / Sales_t-1
=Revenue_t / Revenue_t-1
=195.186 / 214.167
=0.9114

5. DEPI = Depreciation Index

Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.

DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.

DEPI=(Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) / (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t))
=(7.268 / (7.268 + 32.256)) / (8.369 / (8.369 + 22.546))
=0.183888 / 0.27071
=0.6793

Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.

6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index

The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.

SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.

SGAI=(SGA_t / Sales_t) / (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1)
=(0 / 195.186) / (56.728 / 214.167)
=0 / 0.264877
=0

7. LVGI = Leverage Index

The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.

An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage

LVGI=((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) / ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1)
=((67.948 + 49.365) / 139.764) / ((15.998 + 118.591) / 202.654)
=0.839365 / 0.664132
=1.2639

8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets

Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.

TATA=(IncomefromContinuingOperations_t - CashFlowsfromOperations_t) / TotalAssets_t
=(NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t - CashFlowsfromOperations_t) / TotalAssets_t
=(-29.104 - 0 - -10.455) / 139.764
=-0.133432

An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.

RM has a M-score of -3.24 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.


RM Business Description

Traded in Other Exchanges
Address
142B Park Drive, Milton Park, Milton, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, GBR, OX14 4SE
RM PLC provides resources, software, solutions, services to Uk and international education sector. The company is structured into Four operating divisions: RM TTS, RM Assessment, and RM Consortium, RM Technology. TTS provides education resources used in schools through a predominantly direct marketing business model. The RM Assessment business provides IT software and services to exam boards and professional bodies to allow e-assessment. RM Technology division focuses on supplying IT software and services to schools and colleges. Its primary geographic markets are the United Kingdom, Europe, North America, Asia, the Middle East, and the Rest of the world.

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