Chiho Environmental Group Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for Chiho Environmental Group's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Chiho Environmental Group Beneish M-Score Chart
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Chiho Environmental Group Annual Data
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Dec14 |
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Dec19 |
Dec20 |
Dec21 |
Dec22 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.77 |
-2.73 |
-1.99 |
-2.51 |
-2.38 |
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Chiho Environmental Group Semi-Annual Data
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Jun24 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.51 |
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-2.38 |
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Competitive Comparison of Chiho Environmental Group's Beneish M-Score
For the Metal Fabrication subindustry, Chiho Environmental Group's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Chiho Environmental Group's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Industrial Products Industry
For the Industrial Products industry and Industrials sector, Chiho Environmental Group's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Chiho Environmental Group's Beneish M-Score falls into.
Chiho Environmental Group Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Chiho Environmental Group for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 1.289 | + | 0.528 * 0.9795 | + | 0.404 * 1.0061 | + | 0.892 * 0.8419 | + | 0.115 * 0.9527 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 1.1641 | + | 4.679 * 0.004381 | - | 0.327 * 0.997 |
| = | -2.38 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Dec23) TTM: | Last Year (Dec22) TTM: |
Total Receivables was HK$1,870 Mil.
Revenue was HK$16,480 Mil.
Gross Profit was HK$1,038 Mil.
Total Current Assets was HK$4,113 Mil.
Total Assets was HK$8,720 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was HK$2,868 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was HK$390 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was HK$955 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was HK$3,086 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was HK$364 Mil.
Net Income was HK$-9 Mil.
Gross Profit was HK$0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was HK$-48 Mil.
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Total Receivables was HK$1,723 Mil.
Revenue was HK$19,574 Mil.
Gross Profit was HK$1,208 Mil.
Total Current Assets was HK$4,052 Mil.
Total Assets was HK$8,573 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was HK$2,821 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was HK$363 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was HK$975 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was HK$3,098 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was HK$303 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (1869.9 / 16479.7) | / | (1723 / 19574.3) |
| = | 0.113467 | / | 0.088024 |
| | = | 1.289 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (1207.7 / 19574.3) | / | (1038 / 16479.7) |
| = | 0.061698 | / | 0.062987 |
| | = | 0.9795 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (4112.9 + 2867.8) / 8720.4) | / | (1 - (4052.4 + 2820.6) / 8573) |
| = | 0.199498 | / | 0.198297 |
| | = | 1.0061 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 16479.7 | / | 19574.3 |
| | = | 0.8419 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (363.3 / (363.3 + 2820.6)) | / | (390.2 / (390.2 + 2867.8)) |
| = | 0.114105 | / | 0.119767 |
| | = | 0.9527 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (955.4 / 16479.7) | / | (974.8 / 19574.3) |
| = | 0.057974 | / | 0.0498 |
| | = | 1.1641 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((363.6 + 3086) / 8720.4) | / | ((303.4 + 3098) / 8573) |
| = | 0.395578 | / | 0.396757 |
| | = | 0.997 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (-9.3 - 0 | - | -47.5) | / | 8720.4 |
| | = | 0.004381 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Chiho Environmental Group has a M-score of -2.38 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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