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The zones of discrimination for M-Score is as such:
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Good Sign:
Beneish M-Score -2.66 no higher than -1.78, which implies that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
The historical rank and industry rank for Grand Canyon Education's Beneish M-Score or its related term are showing as below:
During the past 13 years, the highest Beneish M-Score of Grand Canyon Education was 146.05. The lowest was -3.76. And the median was -2.60.
The historical data trend for Grand Canyon Education's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Grand Canyon Education Annual Data | |||||||||||||||||||||
Trend | Dec14 | Dec15 | Dec16 | Dec17 | Dec18 | Dec19 | Dec20 | Dec21 | Dec22 | Dec23 | |||||||||||
Beneish M-Score | Get a 7-Day Free Trial | -2.76 | -2.44 | -2.85 | -2.56 | -2.69 |
Grand Canyon Education Quarterly Data | ||||||||||||||||||||
Dec19 | Mar20 | Jun20 | Sep20 | Dec20 | Mar21 | Jun21 | Sep21 | Dec21 | Mar22 | Jun22 | Sep22 | Dec22 | Mar23 | Jun23 | Sep23 | Dec23 | Mar24 | Jun24 | Sep24 | |
Beneish M-Score | Get a 7-Day Free Trial | -2.69 | -2.69 | -2.54 | -2.74 | -2.66 |
For the Education & Training Services subindustry, Grand Canyon Education's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
For the Education industry and Consumer Defensive sector, Grand Canyon Education's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Grand Canyon Education's Beneish M-Score falls into.
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Grand Canyon Education for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
= | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 1.0091 | + | 0.528 * 0.9989 | + | 0.404 * 0.846 | + | 0.892 * 1.0822 | + | 0.115 * 0.9478 | |
- | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI | |||||||
- | 0.172 * 0.9627 | + | 4.679 * -0.045786 | - | 0.327 * 0.9426 | |||||||
= | -2.66 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
This Year (Sep24) TTM: | Last Year (Sep23) TTM: |
Total Receivables was $118 Mil. Revenue was 238.291 + 227.463 + 274.675 + 278.284 = $1,019 Mil. Gross Profit was 119.17 + 108.355 + 152.666 + 156.303 = $536 Mil. Total Current Assets was $393 Mil. Total Assets was $993 Mil. Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $275 Mil. Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $36 Mil. Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $255 Mil. Total Current Liabilities was $107 Mil. Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $95 Mil. Net Income was 41.467 + 34.878 + 68.01 + 80.709 = $225 Mil. Non Operating Income was 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = $0 Mil. Cash Flow from Operations was -29.385 + 98.563 + 84.963 + 116.385 = $271 Mil. |
Total Receivables was $108 Mil. Revenue was 221.913 + 210.577 + 250.125 + 258.7 = $941 Mil. Gross Profit was 108.915 + 99.228 + 139.264 + 147.803 = $495 Mil. Total Current Assets was $275 Mil. Total Assets was $863 Mil. Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $255 Mil. Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $31 Mil. Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $245 Mil. Total Current Liabilities was $100 Mil. Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $86 Mil. |
1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
= | (118.206 / 1018.713) | / | (108.245 / 941.315) | |
= | 0.116035 | / | 0.114993 | |
= | 1.0091 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
= | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) | |
= | (495.21 / 941.315) | / | (536.494 / 1018.713) | |
= | 0.526083 | / | 0.526639 | |
= | 0.9989 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
= | (1 - (393.375 + 275.083) / 992.926) | / | (1 - (274.738 + 255.031) / 863.156) | |
= | 0.32678 | / | 0.386242 | |
= | 0.846 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
= | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 | |
= | 1018.713 | / | 941.315 | |
= | 1.0822 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
= | (31.148 / (31.148 + 255.031)) | / | (35.686 / (35.686 + 275.083)) | |
= | 0.108841 | / | 0.114831 | |
= | 0.9478 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
= | (254.904 / 1018.713) | / | (244.656 / 941.315) | |
= | 0.250222 | / | 0.259909 | |
= | 0.9627 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
= | ((94.614 + 106.551) / 992.926) | / | ((86.001 + 99.515) / 863.156) | |
= | 0.202598 | / | 0.214928 | |
= | 0.9426 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
= | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t | |
= | (225.064 - 0 | - | 270.526) | / | 992.926 | |
= | -0.045786 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Grand Canyon Education has a M-score of -2.66 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
Thank you for viewing the detailed overview of Grand Canyon Education's Beneish M-Score provided by GuruFocus.com. Please click on the following links to see related term pages.
Jack A Henry | director | C/O SIERRA BLANCA VENTURES, 1211 E. MISSOURI AVENUE, SUITE 222, PHOENIX AZ 85014 |
Daniel E Bachus | officer: Chief Financial Officer | 3300 W. CAMELBACK ROAD, PHOENIX AZ 85017 |
Brian E Mueller | officer: Chief Executive Officer | 3300 W. CAMELBACK ROAD, PHOENIX AZ 85017 |
William Stan Meyer | officer: Executive Vice President | 3300 W. CAMELBACK ROAD, PHOENIX AZ 85017 |
Dilek Marsh | officer: Chief Data Officer | 2600 W. CAMELBACK ROAD, PHOENIX AZ 85017 |
Chevy Humphrey | director | 2600 W. CAMELBACK ROAD, PHOENIX AZ 85017 |
Lisa Graham Keegan | director | 2600 W. CAMELBACK ROAD, PHOENIX AZ 85017 |
Lori Browning | officer: Chief Accounting Officer | 2600 W. CAMELBACK ROAD, PHOENIX AZ 85017 |
Kathy J. Claypatch | officer: Chief Information Officer | 2600 W. CAMELBACK ROAD, PHOENIX AZ 85017 |
Sara R. Dial | director | 3300 W. CAMELBACK ROAD, SCOTTSDALE AZ 85017 |
David Adame | director | 2600 W. CAMELBACK ROAD, PHOENIX AZ 85017 |
Joseph N Mildenhall | officer: Chief Information Officer | 3300 W. CAMELBACK AVENUE, PHOENIX AZ 85017 |
Daniel J. Briggs | officer: Orbis Education, CEO | 2600 WEST CAMELBACK ROAD, PHOENIX AZ 85017 |
Brian M Roberts | officer: General Counsel | 18835 N. THOMPSON PEAK PARKWAY, SUITE 300 & 380, SCOTTSDALE AZ 85255 |
Brent D. Richardson | director, 10 percent owner, officer: Executive Chairman | 3300 W. CAMELBACK ROAD, PHOENIX AZ 85017 |
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