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Western Digital (MEX:WDC) Beneish M-Score : -2.12 (As of Apr. 06, 2025)


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What is Western Digital Beneish M-Score?

The zones of discrimination for M-Score is as such:

An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.

Good Sign:

Beneish M-Score -2.12 no higher than -1.78, which implies that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.

The historical rank and industry rank for Western Digital's Beneish M-Score or its related term are showing as below:

MEX:WDC' s Beneish M-Score Range Over the Past 10 Years
Min: -3.09   Med: -2.61   Max: -1.75
Current: -2.12

During the past 13 years, the highest Beneish M-Score of Western Digital was -1.75. The lowest was -3.09. And the median was -2.61.


Western Digital Beneish M-Score Historical Data

The historical data trend for Western Digital's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:

* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.

* Premium members only.

Western Digital Beneish M-Score Chart

Western Digital Annual Data
Trend Jun15 Jun16 Jun17 Jun18 Jun19 Jun20 Jun21 Jun22 Jun23 Jun24
Beneish M-Score
Get a 7-Day Free Trial Premium Member Only Premium Member Only -1.77 -2.78 -2.33 -2.59 -2.29

Western Digital Quarterly Data
Mar20 Jun20 Sep20 Dec20 Mar21 Jun21 Sep21 Dec21 Mar22 Jun22 Sep22 Dec22 Mar23 Jun23 Sep23 Dec23 Mar24 Jun24 Sep24 Dec24
Beneish M-Score Get a 7-Day Free Trial Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only -1.75 -2.09 -2.29 -2.16 -2.12

Competitive Comparison of Western Digital's Beneish M-Score

For the Computer Hardware subindustry, Western Digital's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:

* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.


Western Digital's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Hardware Industry

For the Hardware industry and Technology sector, Western Digital's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:

* The bar in red indicates where Western Digital's Beneish M-Score falls into.


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Western Digital Beneish M-Score Calculation

The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.

The M-Score Variables:

The M-score of Western Digital for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:

M=-4.84+0.92 * DSRI+0.528 * GMI+0.404 * AQI+0.892 * SGI+0.115 * DEPI
=-4.84+0.92 * 1.3836+0.528 * 0.2458+0.404 * 0.9523+0.892 * 1.5142+0.115 * 1.2484
-0.172 * SGAI+4.679 * TATA-0.327 * LVGI
-0.172 * 0.7399+4.679 * 0.029182-0.327 * 0.9482
=-1.86

* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.

This Year (Dec24) TTM:Last Year (Dec23) TTM:
Total Receivables was MXN54,162 Mil.
Revenue was 89366.674 + 80631.779 + 68956.868 + 57373.254 = MXN296,329 Mil.
Gross Profit was 31617.241 + 30539.655 + 24787.099 + 16612.851 = MXN103,557 Mil.
Total Current Assets was MXN195,460 Mil.
Total Assets was MXN530,903 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was MXN61,107 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was MXN10,013 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was MXN17,128 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was MXN98,147 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was MXN150,495 Mil.
Net Income was 12388.286 + 9707.318 + 6045.634 + 2240.494 = MXN30,382 Mil.
Non Operating Income was 1585.033 + -945.134 + -1978.571 + -514.484 = MXN-1,853 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 8404.847 + 669.47 + 6705.158 + 962.583 = MXN16,742 Mil.
Total Receivables was MXN25,852 Mil.
Revenue was 51465.92 + 47901.967 + 45808.501 + 50524.075 = MXN195,700 Mil.
Gross Profit was 8351.33 + 1724.471 + 1577.239 + 5155.15 = MXN16,808 Mil.
Total Current Assets was MXN133,044 Mil.
Total Assets was MXN413,917 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was MXN56,270 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was MXN11,999 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was MXN15,289 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was MXN79,660 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was MXN124,778 Mil.




1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index

Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.

A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.

DSRI=(Receivables_t / Revenue_t) / (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1)
=(54162.253 / 296328.575) / (25851.78 / 195700.463)
=0.182778 / 0.132099
=1.3836

2. GMI = Gross Margin Index

Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.

Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.

GMI=GrossMargin_t-1 / GrossMargin_t
=(GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) / (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t)
=(16808.19 / 195700.463) / (103556.846 / 296328.575)
=0.085887 / 0.349466
=0.2458

3. AQI = Asset Quality Index

AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.

Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.

AQI=(1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) / (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1)
=(1 - (195459.62 + 61107.201) / 530902.699) / (1 - (133044.156 + 56269.632) / 413917.037)
=0.516735 / 0.542629
=0.9523

4. SGI = Sales Growth Index

Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.

Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.

SGI=Sales_t / Sales_t-1
=Revenue_t / Revenue_t-1
=296328.575 / 195700.463
=1.5142

5. DEPI = Depreciation Index

Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.

DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.

DEPI=(Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) / (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t))
=(11998.842 / (11998.842 + 56269.632)) / (10012.525 / (10012.525 + 61107.201))
=0.17576 / 0.140784
=1.2484

Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.

6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index

The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.

SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.

SGAI=(SGA_t / Sales_t) / (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1)
=(17128.173 / 296328.575) / (15288.904 / 195700.463)
=0.057801 / 0.078124
=0.7399

7. LVGI = Leverage Index

The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.

An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage

LVGI=((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) / ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1)
=((150494.731 + 98146.924) / 530902.699) / ((124777.697 + 79660.146) / 413917.037)
=0.468338 / 0.49391
=0.9482

8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets

Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.

TATA=(IncomefromContinuingOperations_t - CashFlowsfromOperations_t) / TotalAssets_t
=(NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t - CashFlowsfromOperations_t) / TotalAssets_t
=(30381.732 - -1853.156 - 16742.058) / 530902.699
=0.029182

An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.

Western Digital has a M-score of -1.86 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.


Western Digital Beneish M-Score Related Terms

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Western Digital Business Description

Address
5601 Great Oaks Parkway, San Jose, CA, USA, 95119
Western Digital is a leading, vertically integrated supplier of hard disk drives. The HDD market is a practical duopoly with, Western Digital and Seagate being the two largest players. Western Digital designs and manufacturers its HDDs, with much of the manufacturing and workforce located in Asia. The primary consumers of HDDs are data centers.