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The zones of discrimination for M-Score is as such:
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
The historical rank and industry rank for Sembcorplalah Power & Water CompanyOG's Beneish M-Score or its related term are showing as below:
During the past 13 years, the highest Beneish M-Score of Sembcorplalah Power & Water CompanyOG was 0.90. The lowest was -3.30. And the median was -2.62.
The historical data trend for Sembcorplalah Power & Water CompanyOG's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Sembcorplalah Power & Water CompanyOG Annual Data | |||||||||||||||||||||
Trend | Dec15 | Dec16 | Dec17 | Dec18 | Dec19 | Dec20 | Dec21 | Dec22 | Dec23 | Dec24 | |||||||||||
Beneish M-Score | Get a 7-Day Free Trial |
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0.90 | -3.15 | -0.49 | -2.77 | - |
Sembcorplalah Power & Water CompanyOG Quarterly Data | ||||||||||||||||||||
Mar20 | Jun20 | Sep20 | Dec20 | Mar21 | Jun21 | Sep21 | Dec21 | Mar22 | Jun22 | Sep22 | Dec22 | Mar23 | Jun23 | Sep23 | Dec23 | Mar24 | Jun24 | Sep24 | Dec24 | |
Beneish M-Score | Get a 7-Day Free Trial |
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-2.77 | 16.61 | -2.64 | -2.99 | - |
For the Utilities - Independent Power Producers subindustry, Sembcorplalah Power & Water CompanyOG's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
For the Utilities - Independent Power Producers industry and Utilities sector, Sembcorplalah Power & Water CompanyOG's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Sembcorplalah Power & Water CompanyOG's Beneish M-Score falls into.
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Sembcorplalah Power & Water CompanyOG for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
= | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * | + | 0.528 * | + | 0.404 * | + | 0.892 * | + | 0.115 * | |
- | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI | |||||||
- | 0.172 * | + | 4.679 * | - | 0.327 * | |||||||
= |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
This Year (Dec24) TTM: | Last Year (Dec23) TTM: |
Total Receivables was ر.ع7.76 Mil. Revenue was 20.313 + 20.81 + 22.015 + 19.379 = ر.ع82.52 Mil. Gross Profit was 7.145 + 7.103 + 8.84 + 7.129 = ر.ع30.22 Mil. Total Current Assets was ر.ع33.55 Mil. Total Assets was ر.ع261.51 Mil. Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was ر.ع227.93 Mil. Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was ر.ع11.22 Mil. Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was ر.ع0.33 Mil. Total Current Liabilities was ر.ع36.30 Mil. Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was ر.ع26.00 Mil. Net Income was 5.999 + 5.073 + 6.464 + 4.933 = ر.ع22.47 Mil. Non Operating Income was 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = ر.ع0.00 Mil. Cash Flow from Operations was 6.17 + 12.208 + 6.19 + 7.875 = ر.ع32.44 Mil. |
Total Receivables was ر.ع7.70 Mil. Revenue was 19.922 + 19.897 + 21.335 + 18.022 = ر.ع79.18 Mil. Gross Profit was 6.758 + 7.009 + 8.702 + 7.121 = ر.ع29.59 Mil. Total Current Assets was ر.ع34.31 Mil. Total Assets was ر.ع273.03 Mil. Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was ر.ع238.72 Mil. Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was ر.ع11.25 Mil. Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was ر.ع0.24 Mil. Total Current Liabilities was ر.ع34.12 Mil. Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was ر.ع51.38 Mil. |
1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
= | (7.761 / 82.517) | / | (7.698 / 79.176) | |
= | 0.094053 | / | 0.097226 | |
= |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
= | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) | |
= | (29.59 / 79.176) | / | (30.217 / 82.517) | |
= | 0.373724 | / | 0.366191 | |
= |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
= | (1 - (33.554 + 227.929) / 261.508) | / | (1 - (34.31 + 238.718) / 273.028) | |
= | 9.6E-5 | / | 0 | |
= |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
= | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 | |
= | 82.517 | / | 79.176 | |
= |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
= | (11.247 / (11.247 + 238.718)) | / | (11.217 / (11.217 + 227.929)) | |
= | 0.044994 | / | 0.046904 | |
= |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
= | (0.326 / 82.517) | / | (0.242 / 79.176) | |
= | 0.003951 | / | 0.003056 | |
= |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
= | ((25.997 + 36.303) / 261.508) | / | ((51.381 + 34.122) / 273.028) | |
= | 0.238234 | / | 0.313166 | |
= |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
= | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t | |
= | (22.469 - 0 | - | 32.443) | / | 261.508 | |
= | -0.03814 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
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