Keurig Dr Pepper Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for Keurig Dr Pepper's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Keurig Dr Pepper Beneish M-Score Chart
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Keurig Dr Pepper Annual Data
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Trend |
Dec14 |
Dec15 |
Dec16 |
Dec17 |
Dec18 |
Dec19 |
Dec20 |
Dec21 |
Dec22 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.54 |
-2.56 |
-2.46 |
-2.30 |
-2.50 |
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Keurig Dr Pepper Quarterly Data
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Mar19 |
Jun19 |
Sep19 |
Dec19 |
Mar20 |
Jun20 |
Sep20 |
Dec20 |
Mar21 |
Jun21 |
Sep21 |
Dec21 |
Mar22 |
Jun22 |
Sep22 |
Dec22 |
Mar23 |
Jun23 |
Sep23 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.30 |
-2.34 |
-2.48 |
-2.57 |
-2.50 |
Competitive Comparison of Keurig Dr Pepper's Beneish M-Score
For the Beverages - Non-Alcoholic subindustry, Keurig Dr Pepper's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Keurig Dr Pepper's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Beverages - Non-Alcoholic Industry
For the Beverages - Non-Alcoholic industry and Consumer Defensive sector, Keurig Dr Pepper's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Keurig Dr Pepper's Beneish M-Score falls into.
Keurig Dr Pepper Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Keurig Dr Pepper for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 0.8641 | + | 0.528 * 0.9551 | + | 0.404 * 1.0059 | + | 0.892 * 1.0539 | + | 0.115 * 1.0364 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 1.0034 | + | 4.679 * 0.015212 | - | 0.327 * 0.9801 |
| = | -2.50 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Dec23) TTM: | Last Year (Dec22) TTM: |
Total Receivables was $1,519 Mil.
Revenue was 3867 + 3805 + 3789 + 3353 = $14,814 Mil.
Gross Profit was 2184 + 2111 + 2041 + 1744 = $8,080 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $3,375 Mil.
Total Assets was $52,130 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $3,575 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $720 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $4,912 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $8,916 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $11,358 Mil.
Net Income was 693 + 518 + 503 + 467 = $2,181 Mil.
Non Operating Income was 20 + 3 + 16 + 20 = $59 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 297 + 580 + 381 + 71 = $1,329 Mil.
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Total Receivables was $1,668 Mil.
Revenue was 3803 + 3622 + 3554 + 3078 = $14,057 Mil.
Gross Profit was 1996 + 1901 + 1776 + 1650 = $7,323 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $3,804 Mil.
Total Assets was $51,837 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $3,372 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $709 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $4,645 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $8,076 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $12,493 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (1519 / 14814) | / | (1668 / 14057) |
| = | 0.102538 | / | 0.11866 |
| | = | 0.8641 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (7323 / 14057) | / | (8080 / 14814) |
| = | 0.52095 | / | 0.54543 |
| | = | 0.9551 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (3375 + 3575) / 52130) | / | (1 - (3804 + 3372) / 51837) |
| = | 0.866679 | / | 0.861566 |
| | = | 1.0059 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 14814 | / | 14057 |
| | = | 1.0539 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (709 / (709 + 3372)) | / | (720 / (720 + 3575)) |
| = | 0.173732 | / | 0.167637 |
| | = | 1.0364 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (4912 / 14814) | / | (4645 / 14057) |
| = | 0.331578 | / | 0.33044 |
| | = | 1.0034 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((11358 + 8916) / 52130) | / | ((12493 + 8076) / 51837) |
| = | 0.388912 | / | 0.396802 |
| | = | 0.9801 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (2181 - 59 | - | 1329) | / | 52130 |
| | = | 0.015212 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Keurig Dr Pepper has a M-score of -2.50 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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