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LFA Co (ROCO:3226) Beneish M-Score : -2.82 (As of Apr. 08, 2025)


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What is LFA Co Beneish M-Score?

The zones of discrimination for M-Score is as such:

An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.

Good Sign:

Beneish M-Score -2.82 no higher than -1.78, which implies that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.

The historical rank and industry rank for LFA Co's Beneish M-Score or its related term are showing as below:

ROCO:3226' s Beneish M-Score Range Over the Past 10 Years
Min: -2.91   Med: -2.57   Max: -1.51
Current: -2.82

During the past 13 years, the highest Beneish M-Score of LFA Co was -1.51. The lowest was -2.91. And the median was -2.57.


LFA Co Beneish M-Score Historical Data

The historical data trend for LFA Co's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:

* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.

* Premium members only.

LFA Co Beneish M-Score Chart

LFA Co Annual Data
Trend Dec15 Dec16 Dec17 Dec18 Dec19 Dec20 Dec21 Dec22 Dec23 Dec24
Beneish M-Score
Get a 7-Day Free Trial Premium Member Only Premium Member Only -2.38 -2.38 -2.59 -2.80 -2.82

LFA Co Quarterly Data
Mar20 Jun20 Sep20 Dec20 Mar21 Jun21 Sep21 Dec21 Mar22 Jun22 Sep22 Dec22 Mar23 Jun23 Sep23 Dec23 Mar24 Jun24 Sep24 Dec24
Beneish M-Score Get a 7-Day Free Trial Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only -2.80 -1.94 -2.66 -3.11 -2.82

Competitive Comparison of LFA Co's Beneish M-Score

For the Electrical Equipment & Parts subindustry, LFA Co's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:

* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.


LFA Co's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Industrial Products Industry

For the Industrial Products industry and Industrials sector, LFA Co's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:

* The bar in red indicates where LFA Co's Beneish M-Score falls into.


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LFA Co Beneish M-Score Calculation

The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.

The M-Score Variables:

The M-score of LFA Co for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:

M=-4.84+0.92 * DSRI+0.528 * GMI+0.404 * AQI+0.892 * SGI+0.115 * DEPI
=-4.84+0.92 * 0.9044+0.528 * 1.0005+0.404 * 1.1178+0.892 * 0.9854+0.115 * 0.9354
-0.172 * SGAI+4.679 * TATA-0.327 * LVGI
-0.172 * 1.0652+4.679 * -0.072054-0.327 * 0.7973
=-2.82

* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.

This Year (Dec24) TTM:Last Year (Dec23) TTM:
Total Receivables was NT$497 Mil.
Revenue was 462.209 + 461.725 + 637.385 + 567.024 = NT$2,128 Mil.
Gross Profit was 101.915 + 110.845 + 168.364 + 150.856 = NT$532 Mil.
Total Current Assets was NT$1,485 Mil.
Total Assets was NT$2,597 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was NT$644 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was NT$189 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was NT$114 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was NT$695 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was NT$1 Mil.
Net Income was 80.547 + 41.098 + 120.407 + 116.15 = NT$358 Mil.
Non Operating Income was 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = NT$0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 115.237 + 89.043 + 183.031 + 158.029 = NT$545 Mil.
Total Receivables was NT$558 Mil.
Revenue was 565.056 + 588.453 + 593.388 + 412.909 = NT$2,160 Mil.
Gross Profit was 143.762 + 162.162 + 147.038 + 87.127 = NT$540 Mil.
Total Current Assets was NT$1,372 Mil.
Total Assets was NT$2,367 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was NT$613 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was NT$165 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was NT$108 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was NT$788 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was NT$7 Mil.




1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index

Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.

A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.

DSRI=(Receivables_t / Revenue_t) / (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1)
=(497.235 / 2128.343) / (557.944 / 2159.806)
=0.233625 / 0.258331
=0.9044

2. GMI = Gross Margin Index

Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.

Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.

GMI=GrossMargin_t-1 / GrossMargin_t
=(GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) / (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t)
=(540.089 / 2159.806) / (531.98 / 2128.343)
=0.250064 / 0.24995
=1.0005

3. AQI = Asset Quality Index

AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.

Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.

AQI=(1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) / (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1)
=(1 - (1484.87 + 643.802) / 2597.19) / (1 - (1372.073 + 612.926) / 2366.988)
=0.180394 / 0.161382
=1.1178

4. SGI = Sales Growth Index

Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.

Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.

SGI=Sales_t / Sales_t-1
=Revenue_t / Revenue_t-1
=2128.343 / 2159.806
=0.9854

5. DEPI = Depreciation Index

Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.

DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.

DEPI=(Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) / (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t))
=(165.446 / (165.446 + 612.926)) / (189.304 / (189.304 + 643.802))
=0.212554 / 0.227227
=0.9354

Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.

6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index

The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.

SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.

SGAI=(SGA_t / Sales_t) / (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1)
=(113.64 / 2128.343) / (108.266 / 2159.806)
=0.053394 / 0.050128
=1.0652

7. LVGI = Leverage Index

The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.

An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage

LVGI=((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) / ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1)
=((0.526 + 694.874) / 2597.19) / ((7.176 + 787.751) / 2366.988)
=0.267751 / 0.335839
=0.7973

8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets

Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.

TATA=(IncomefromContinuingOperations_t - CashFlowsfromOperations_t) / TotalAssets_t
=(NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t - CashFlowsfromOperations_t) / TotalAssets_t
=(358.202 - 0 - 545.34) / 2597.19
=-0.072054

An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.

LFA Co has a M-score of -2.82 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.


LFA Co Business Description

Traded in Other Exchanges
N/A
Address
No.75, Huangong Road, Yongkang District, Tainan, TWN, 71041
LFA Co Ltd Formerly Topower Co Ltd is a Taiwan-based company that manufactures switching mode power supply products. The company also engaged in developing auto lamps and accessories including headlights, rear lights, driving lights, fog lights, DRL, work lights, stop lights, front position lights, and warning lights. Its product offerings include auto parts, power supply products, LED products, and auto lamps.

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