Rayzher Industrial Co Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for Rayzher Industrial Co's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Rayzher Industrial Co Beneish M-Score Chart
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Rayzher Industrial Co Annual Data
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Trend |
Dec19 |
Dec20 |
Dec21 |
Dec22 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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- |
- |
-1.39 |
-2.51 |
-1.73 |
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Rayzher Industrial Co Semi-Annual Data
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|
Dec20 |
Dec21 |
Jun22 |
Dec22 |
Jun23 |
Dec23 |
Jun24 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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- |
-2.51 |
- |
-1.73 |
- |
Competitive Comparison of Rayzher Industrial Co's Beneish M-Score
For the Engineering & Construction subindustry, Rayzher Industrial Co's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Rayzher Industrial Co's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Construction Industry
For the Construction industry and Industrials sector, Rayzher Industrial Co's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Rayzher Industrial Co's Beneish M-Score falls into.
Rayzher Industrial Co Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Rayzher Industrial Co for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 1.2798 | + | 0.528 * 1.0286 | + | 0.404 * 1.1215 | + | 0.892 * 0.7745 | + | 0.115 * 0.6418 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 1.4222 | + | 4.679 * 0.126492 | - | 0.327 * 0.5513 |
| = | -1.73 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Dec23) TTM: | Last Year (Dec22) TTM: |
Total Receivables was NT$672 Mil.
Revenue was NT$1,780 Mil.
Gross Profit was NT$418 Mil.
Total Current Assets was NT$1,754 Mil.
Total Assets was NT$2,061 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was NT$282 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was NT$36 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was NT$115 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was NT$492 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was NT$24 Mil.
Net Income was NT$244 Mil.
Gross Profit was NT$0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was NT$-16 Mil.
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Total Receivables was NT$678 Mil.
Revenue was NT$2,298 Mil.
Gross Profit was NT$555 Mil.
Total Current Assets was NT$1,499 Mil.
Total Assets was NT$1,786 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was NT$268 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was NT$21 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was NT$104 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was NT$777 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was NT$33 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (672.109 / 1779.726) | / | (678.053 / 2297.891) |
| = | 0.377647 | / | 0.295076 |
| | = | 1.2798 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (555.004 / 2297.891) | / | (417.909 / 1779.726) |
| = | 0.241528 | / | 0.234816 |
| | = | 1.0286 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (1753.872 + 282.46) / 2060.928) | / | (1 - (1499.111 + 267.588) / 1785.701) |
| = | 0.011934 | / | 0.010641 |
| | = | 1.1215 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 1779.726 | / | 2297.891 |
| | = | 0.7745 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (20.731 / (20.731 + 267.588)) | / | (35.639 / (35.639 + 282.46)) |
| = | 0.071903 | / | 0.112037 |
| | = | 0.6418 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (114.574 / 1779.726) | / | (104.017 / 2297.891) |
| = | 0.064377 | / | 0.045266 |
| | = | 1.4222 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((23.506 + 491.669) / 2060.928) | / | ((32.675 + 777.033) / 1785.701) |
| = | 0.249972 | / | 0.45344 |
| | = | 0.5513 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (244.277 - 0 | - | -16.414) | / | 2060.928 |
| | = | 0.126492 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Rayzher Industrial Co has a M-score of -1.73 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
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