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The zones of discrimination for M-Score is as such:
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Good Sign:
Beneish M-Score -2.54 no higher than -1.78, which implies that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
The historical rank and industry rank for Saigon Beer Alcohol Beverage's Beneish M-Score or its related term are showing as below:
During the past 7 years, the highest Beneish M-Score of Saigon Beer Alcohol Beverage was -1.69. The lowest was -2.55. And the median was -2.54.
The historical data trend for Saigon Beer Alcohol Beverage's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Saigon Beer Alcohol Beverage Annual Data | ||||||||||||||||
Trend | Dec18 | Dec19 | Dec20 | Dec21 | Dec22 | Dec23 | Dec24 | |||||||||
Beneish M-Score | Get a 7-Day Free Trial | -2.55 | -2.54 | -1.78 | -1.69 | -2.54 |
Saigon Beer Alcohol Beverage Quarterly Data | ||||||||||||||||||||
Mar20 | Jun20 | Sep20 | Dec20 | Mar21 | Jun21 | Sep21 | Dec21 | Mar22 | Jun22 | Sep22 | Dec22 | Mar23 | Jun23 | Sep23 | Dec23 | Mar24 | Jun24 | Sep24 | Dec24 | |
Beneish M-Score | Get a 7-Day Free Trial |
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-1.69 | -2.18 | -1.91 | -2.13 | -2.54 |
For the Beverages - Brewers subindustry, Saigon Beer Alcohol Beverage's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
For the Beverages - Alcoholic industry and Consumer Defensive sector, Saigon Beer Alcohol Beverage's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Saigon Beer Alcohol Beverage's Beneish M-Score falls into.
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Saigon Beer Alcohol Beverage for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
= | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 0.7492 | + | 0.528 * 1.0209 | + | 0.404 * 1.3289 | + | 0.892 * 1.0463 | + | 0.115 * 0.9135 | |
- | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI | |||||||
- | 0.172 * 0.8755 | + | 4.679 * -0.000969 | - | 0.327 * 1.0708 | |||||||
= | -2.54 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
This Year (Dec24) TTM: | Last Year (Dec23) TTM: |
Total Receivables was ₫937,655 Mil. Revenue was 8932511.367 + 7670108.601 + 8086285.927 + 7183511.591 = ₫31,872,417 Mil. Gross Profit was 2499326.726 + 2278208.888 + 2440442.723 + 2100218.23 = ₫9,318,197 Mil. Total Current Assets was ₫25,066,733 Mil. Total Assets was ₫33,439,406 Mil. Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was ₫2,786,943 Mil. Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was ₫548,884 Mil. Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was ₫4,453,423 Mil. Total Current Liabilities was ₫8,657,141 Mil. Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was ₫169,444 Mil. Net Income was 965458.507 + 1119097.179 + 1248288.726 + 997268.619 = ₫4,330,113 Mil. Non Operating Income was 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = ₫0 Mil. Cash Flow from Operations was 647757.835 + 1598892.849 + 1739309.187 + 376549.697 = ₫4,362,510 Mil. |
Total Receivables was ₫1,196,120 Mil. Revenue was 8520387.133 + 7414903.874 + 8312141.828 + 6213934.447 = ₫30,461,367 Mil. Gross Profit was 2455727.755 + 2232765.957 + 2487879.066 + 1914989.725 = ₫9,091,363 Mil. Total Current Assets was ₫26,553,406 Mil. Total Assets was ₫34,056,625 Mil. Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was ₫3,222,252 Mil. Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was ₫570,032 Mil. Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was ₫4,861,394 Mil. Total Current Liabilities was ₫8,224,608 Mil. Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was ₫170,828 Mil. |
1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
= | (937654.728 / 31872417.486) | / | (1196119.761 / 30461367.282) | |
= | 0.029419 | / | 0.039267 | |
= | 0.7492 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
= | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) | |
= | (9091362.503 / 30461367.282) | / | (9318196.567 / 31872417.486) | |
= | 0.298455 | / | 0.292359 | |
= | 1.0209 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
= | (1 - (25066732.804 + 2786943.251) / 33439406.365) | / | (1 - (26553405.592 + 3222252.395) / 34056624.84) | |
= | 0.16704 | / | 0.125701 | |
= | 1.3289 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
= | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 | |
= | 31872417.486 | / | 30461367.282 | |
= | 1.0463 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
= | (570032.022 / (570032.022 + 3222252.395)) | / | (548883.627 / (548883.627 + 2786943.251)) | |
= | 0.150314 | / | 0.164542 | |
= | 0.9135 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
= | (4453423.274 / 31872417.486) | / | (4861393.81 / 30461367.282) | |
= | 0.139727 | / | 0.159592 | |
= | 0.8755 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
= | ((169444.43 + 8657140.532) / 33439406.365) | / | ((170828.414 + 8224608.45) / 34056624.84) | |
= | 0.263958 | / | 0.246514 | |
= | 1.0708 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
= | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t | |
= | (4330113.031 - 0 | - | 4362509.568) | / | 33439406.365 | |
= | -0.000969 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Saigon Beer Alcohol Beverage has a M-score of -2.54 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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