Data Streams Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for Data Streams's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Data Streams Beneish M-Score Chart
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Data Streams Annual Data
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Trend |
Dec15 |
Dec16 |
Dec17 |
Dec18 |
Dec19 |
Dec20 |
Dec21 |
Dec22 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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|
-3.50 |
-3.45 |
-2.22 |
-3.26 |
-1.14 |
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Data Streams Semi-Annual Data
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Dec15 |
Dec16 |
Dec17 |
Dec18 |
Dec19 |
Dec20 |
Dec21 |
Dec22 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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|
|
-3.50 |
-3.45 |
-2.22 |
-3.26 |
-1.14 |
Competitive Comparison of Data Streams's Beneish M-Score
For the Information Technology Services subindustry, Data Streams's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Data Streams's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Software Industry
For the Software industry and Technology sector, Data Streams's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Data Streams's Beneish M-Score falls into.
Data Streams Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Data Streams for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 1.7425 | + | 0.528 * 1.1021 | + | 0.404 * 1.116 | + | 0.892 * 0.833 | + | 0.115 * 0.8238 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 0.9919 | + | 4.679 * 0.177397 | - | 0.327 * 1.3114 |
| = | -1.14 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Dec23) TTM: | Last Year (Dec22) TTM: |
Total Receivables was ₩8,007 Mil.
Revenue was ₩25,485 Mil.
Gross Profit was ₩9,921 Mil.
Total Current Assets was ₩8,367 Mil.
Total Assets was ₩13,123 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was ₩2,229 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was ₩594 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was ₩2,341 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was ₩6,813 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was ₩2,062 Mil.
Net Income was ₩-4,926 Mil.
Gross Profit was ₩0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was ₩-7,254 Mil.
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Total Receivables was ₩5,516 Mil.
Revenue was ₩30,594 Mil.
Gross Profit was ₩13,126 Mil.
Total Current Assets was ₩11,220 Mil.
Total Assets was ₩16,389 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was ₩2,340 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was ₩491 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was ₩2,834 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was ₩6,368 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was ₩2,083 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (8006.583 / 25485.234) | / | (5516.042 / 30593.964) |
| = | 0.314166 | / | 0.180298 |
| | = | 1.7425 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (13126.398 / 30593.964) | / | (9921.337 / 25485.234) |
| = | 0.429052 | / | 0.389297 |
| | = | 1.1021 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (8366.788 + 2228.542) / 13122.805) | / | (1 - (11220.213 + 2340.151) / 16388.803) |
| = | 0.192602 | / | 0.172584 |
| | = | 1.116 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 25485.234 | / | 30593.964 |
| | = | 0.833 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (490.895 / (490.895 + 2340.151)) | / | (594.111 / (594.111 + 2228.542)) |
| = | 0.173397 | / | 0.21048 |
| | = | 0.8238 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (2341.26 / 25485.234) | / | (2833.624 / 30593.964) |
| = | 0.091867 | / | 0.09262 |
| | = | 0.9919 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((2062.39 + 6812.575) / 13122.805) | / | ((2083.414 + 6368.479) / 16388.803) |
| = | 0.676301 | / | 0.515711 |
| | = | 1.3114 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (-4925.84 - 0 | - | -7253.791) | / | 13122.805 |
| | = | 0.177397 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Data Streams has a M-score of -1.14 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
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