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Dow (XTER:2OY) Beneish M-Score : -2.70 (As of Dec. 15, 2024)


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What is Dow Beneish M-Score?

The zones of discrimination for M-Score is as such:

An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.

Good Sign:

Beneish M-Score -2.7 no higher than -1.78, which implies that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.

The historical rank and industry rank for Dow's Beneish M-Score or its related term are showing as below:

XTER:2OY' s Beneish M-Score Range Over the Past 10 Years
Min: -3.14   Med: -2.69   Max: -2.43
Current: -2.7

During the past 8 years, the highest Beneish M-Score of Dow was -2.43. The lowest was -3.14. And the median was -2.69.


Dow Beneish M-Score Historical Data

The historical data trend for Dow's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:

* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.

* Premium members only.

Dow Beneish M-Score Chart

Dow Annual Data
Trend Dec16 Dec17 Dec18 Dec19 Dec20 Dec21 Dec22 Dec23
Beneish M-Score
Get a 7-Day Free Trial -2.67 -2.87 -2.43 -2.79 -2.72

Dow Quarterly Data
Dec19 Mar20 Jun20 Sep20 Dec20 Mar21 Jun21 Sep21 Dec21 Mar22 Jun22 Sep22 Dec22 Mar23 Jun23 Sep23 Dec23 Mar24 Jun24 Sep24
Beneish M-Score Get a 7-Day Free Trial Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only -2.68 -2.72 -2.82 -2.83 -2.70

Competitive Comparison of Dow's Beneish M-Score

For the Chemicals subindustry, Dow's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:

* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.


Dow's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Chemicals Industry

For the Chemicals industry and Basic Materials sector, Dow's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:

* The bar in red indicates where Dow's Beneish M-Score falls into.



Dow Beneish M-Score Calculation

The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.

The M-Score Variables:

The M-score of Dow for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:

M=-4.84+0.92 * DSRI+0.528 * GMI+0.404 * AQI+0.892 * SGI+0.115 * DEPI
=-4.84+0.92 * 1.0318+0.528 * 1.0333+0.404 * 0.9748+0.892 * 0.9236+0.115 * 0.9803
-0.172 * SGAI+4.679 * TATA-0.327 * LVGI
-0.172 * 1.0869+4.679 * -0.041995-0.327 * 1.0632
=-2.75

* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.

This Year (Sep24) TTM:Last Year (Sep23) TTM:
Total Receivables was €6,592 Mil.
Revenue was 9801.979 + 10140.035 + 9903.8 + 9739.457 = €39,585 Mil.
Gross Profit was 964.07 + 1229.996 + 1174.84 + 894.075 = €4,263 Mil.
Total Current Assets was €16,197 Mil.
Total Assets was €53,509 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was €21,078 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was €2,566 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was €1,503 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was €9,755 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was €15,485 Mil.
Net Income was 192.814 + 407.831 + 474.72 + -96.285 = €979 Mil.
Non Operating Income was 87.397 + 94.758 + 30.36 + -429.156 = €-217 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 720.8 + 776.644 + 426.88 + 1518.552 = €3,443 Mil.
Total Receivables was €6,917 Mil.
Revenue was 10054.01 + 10540.66 + 11068.834 + 11194.896 = €42,858 Mil.
Gross Profit was 1066.306 + 1426.035 + 1141.348 + 1135.632 = €4,769 Mil.
Total Current Assets was €17,145 Mil.
Total Assets was €54,616 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was €20,472 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was €2,437 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was €1,497 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was €9,602 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was €14,628 Mil.




1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index

Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.

A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.

DSRI=(Receivables_t / Revenue_t) / (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1)
=(6591.716 / 39585.271) / (6916.934 / 42858.4)
=0.166519 / 0.16139
=1.0318

2. GMI = Gross Margin Index

Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.

Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.

GMI=GrossMargin_t-1 / GrossMargin_t
=(GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) / (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t)
=(4769.321 / 42858.4) / (4262.981 / 39585.271)
=0.111281 / 0.107691
=1.0333

3. AQI = Asset Quality Index

AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.

Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.

AQI=(1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) / (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1)
=(1 - (16197.277 + 21077.994) / 53509.489) / (1 - (17145.226 + 20471.576) / 54615.856)
=0.30339 / 0.311248
=0.9748

4. SGI = Sales Growth Index

Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.

Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.

SGI=Sales_t / Sales_t-1
=Revenue_t / Revenue_t-1
=39585.271 / 42858.4
=0.9236

5. DEPI = Depreciation Index

Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.

DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.

DEPI=(Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) / (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t))
=(2437.244 / (2437.244 + 20471.576)) / (2566.088 / (2566.088 + 21077.994))
=0.106389 / 0.10853
=0.9803

Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.

6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index

The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.

SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.

SGAI=(SGA_t / Sales_t) / (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1)
=(1502.633 / 39585.271) / (1496.78 / 42858.4)
=0.037959 / 0.034924
=1.0869

7. LVGI = Leverage Index

The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.

An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage

LVGI=((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) / ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1)
=((15485.487 + 9755.127) / 53509.489) / ((14628.444 + 9602.376) / 54615.856)
=0.471704 / 0.443659
=1.0632

8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets

Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.

TATA=(IncomefromContinuingOperations_t - CashFlowsfromOperations_t) / TotalAssets_t
=(NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t - CashFlowsfromOperations_t) / TotalAssets_t
=(979.08 - -216.641 - 3442.876) / 53509.489
=-0.041995

An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.

Dow has a M-score of -2.75 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.


Dow Business Description

Address
2211 H.H. Dow Way, Midland, MI, USA, 48674
Dow Chemical is a diversified global chemicals producer, formed in 2019 as a result of the DowDuPont merger and subsequent separations. The firm is a leading producer of several chemicals, including polyethylene, ethylene oxide, and silicone rubber. Its products have numerous applications in both consumer and industrial end markets.

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