E10 is a concept invented by Prof. Robert Shiller, who uses E10 for his Shiller P/E calculation. E10 is the average of the inflation adjusted earnings of a company over the past 10 years.
Linde's adjusted earnings per share data for the three months ended in Dec. 2024 was €3.438. Add all the adjusted EPS for the past 10 years together and divide 10 will get our e10, which is €8.75 for the trailing ten years ended in Dec. 2024.
During the past 12 months, Linde's average E10 Growth Rate was 10.20% per year.
During the past 3 years, the average E10 Growth Rate was 9.40% per year.
During the past 5 years, the average E10 Growth Rate was 7.90% per year.
During the past 10 years, the average E10 Growth Rate was 6.80% per year.
Please click Growth Rate Calculation Example (GuruFocus) to see how GuruFocus calculates Wal-Mart Stores Inc (WMT)'s revenue growth rate. You can apply the same method to get the E10 growth rate using E10 data.
During the past 13 years, the highest 3-Year average E10 Growth Rate of Linde was 15.20% per year. The lowest was 3.70% per year. And the median was 10.55% per year.
As of today (2025-03-23), Linde's current stock price is €419.40. Linde's E10 for the quarter that ended in Dec. 2024 was €8.75. Linde's Shiller PE Ratio of today is 47.93.
During the past 13 years, the highestShiller PE Ratio of Linde was 56.76. The lowest was 19.92. And the median was 32.48.
Linde E10 Historical Data
The historical data trend for Linde's E10 can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
For the Specialty Chemicals subindustry, Linde's Shiller PE Ratio, along with its competitors' market caps and Shiller PE Ratio data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Linde's Shiller PE Ratio Distribution in the Chemicals Industry
For the Chemicals industry and Basic Materials sector, Linde's Shiller PE Ratio distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Linde's Shiller PE Ratio falls into.
Linde E10 Calculation
E10 is a concept invented by Prof. Robert Shiller, who uses E10 for his Shiller P/E calculation. When we calculate the today's Shiller P/E ratio of a stock, we use today's price divided by E10.
What is E10? How do we calculate E10?
E10 is the average of the inflation adjusted earnings of a company over the past 10 years. Let's use an example to explain.
If we want to calculate the E10 of Wal-Mart (WMT) for Dec. 31, 2010, we need to have the inflation data and the earnings from 2001 through 2010.
We adjusted the earnings of 2001 earnings data with the total inflation from 2001 through 2010 to the equivalent earnings in 2010. If the total inflation from 2001 to 2010 is 40%, and Wal-Mart earned $1 a share in 2001, then the 2001's equivalent earnings in 2010 is $1.4 a share. If Wal-Mart earns $1 again in 2002, and the total inflation from 2002 through 2010 is 35%, then the equivalent 2002 earnings in 2010 is $1.35. So on and so forth, you get the equivalent earnings of past 10 years. Then you add them together and divided the sum by 10 to get E10.
Please note that we use the CPI data of the country/region where the company is headquartered. If the CPI data for that country/region is not available, then we will use the CPI data of the United States as default.
For example, Linde's adjusted earnings per share data for the three months ended in Dec. 2024 was:
Add all the adjusted EPS together and divide 10 will get our e10.
Linde (XTER:LIN) E10 Explanation
If a company grows much fast than inflation, E10 may underestimate the company's earnings power. Shiller PE Ratio can seem to be too high even the actual P/E is low.
For the Shiller P/E, the earnings of the past 10 years are inflation-adjusted and averaged. The result is used for P/E calculation. Since it looks at the average over the last 10 years, the Shiller P/E is also called PE10.
The Shiller P/E was first used by professor Robert Shiller to measure the valuation of the overall market. The same calculation is applied here to individual companies.
Linde's Shiller P/E Ratio of today is calculated as
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
During the past 13 years, the highest Shiller P/E Ratio of Linde was 56.76. The lowest was 19.92. And the median was 32.48.
Be Aware
Shiller PE Ratio works better for cyclical companies. It gives you a better idea on the company's real earnings power.
Linde E10 Related Terms
Thank you for viewing the detailed overview of Linde's E10 provided by GuruFocus.com. Please click on the following links to see related term pages.
Linde is the largest industrial gas supplier in the world, with operations in over 100 countries. The firm's main products are atmospheric gases (including oxygen, nitrogen, and argon) and process gases (including hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and helium), as well as equipment used in industrial gas production. Linde serves a wide variety of end markets, including chemicals, manufacturing, healthcare, and steelmaking. Linde generated approximately $33 billion in revenue in 2024.
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