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Graham Number is a figure that measures a stock's fundamental value by taking into account the company's earnings per share and book value per share. The Graham number is the upper bound of the price range that a defensive investor should pay for the stock. According to the theory, any stock price below the Graham number is considered undervalued, and thus worth investing in.
As of today (2026-08-27), the stock price of Al-Ghazi Tractors is ₨361.92. Al-Ghazi Tractors's graham number for the quarter that ended in Mar. 2026 was ₨383.83. Therefore, Al-Ghazi Tractors's Price to Graham Number ratio for today is 0.94.
The historical rank and industry rank for Al-Ghazi Tractors's Graham Number or its related term are showing as below:
KAR:AGTL'
s Price-to-Graham-Number Range Over the Past 10 Years
Min: 0.8 Med: 1.82 Max: 5.53
Current: 0.94
During the past 13 years, the highest Price to Graham Number ratio of Al-Ghazi Tractors was 5.53. The lowest was 0.80. And the median was 1.82.
KAR:AGTL's Price-to-Graham-Number is ranked better than 67.07% of 164
companies
in the Farm & Heavy Construction Machinery industry
Industry Median: 1.215
vs KAR:AGTL: 0.94
Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation. It is a very conservative way of valuing a stock.
Al-Ghazi Tractors (KAR:AGTL) Graham Number Explanation
Ben Graham actually did not publish a formula like this. But he wrote in The Intelligent Investor (1948 version) regarding to the criteria for purchases:
Current price should not be more than 15 times average earnings of the past three years.
Current price should not be more than 1.5 times the book value last reported. However, a multiplier of earnings below 15 could justify a correspondingly higher multiplier of assets. As a rule of thumb we suggest that the product of the multiplier times the ratio of price to book value should not exceed 22.5. (This figure corresponds to 15 times earnings and 1.5 times book value. It would admit an issue selling at only 9 times earnings and 2.5 times asset value, etc.)
Unlike valuation methods such as DCF or Discounted Earnings, the Graham number does not take growth into the valuation. Unlike the valuation methods based on book value alone, it takes into account the earnings power. Therefore, the Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation.
In general, the Graham number is a very conservative way of valuing a stock. It cannot be applied to companies with negative book values.
Al-Ghazi Tractors's Price to Graham number Ratio for today is calculated as
Price to Graham number
=
Share Price (Today)
/
Graham number (Q: Mar. 2026 )
=
361.92
/
383.83
=
0.94
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Be Aware
Please keep these in mind:
1. Graham Number does not take growth into account. Therefore it underestimates the values of the companies that have good earnings growth. We feel that if the earnings per share grows more than 10% a year, Graham Number underestimates the value.
2. Graham Number punishes the companies that have temporarily low earnings. Therefore, an average of earnings makes more sense in the calculation of Graham Number.
3. Graham Numbers underestimates companies that are light with book.
Al-Ghazi Tractors Graham Number Related Terms
Al-Ghazi Tractors Graham Number Historical Data
* Premium members only.
The historical data trend for Al-Ghazi Tractors's Graham Number can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
KAR:AGTL vs CAT, DE, PCAR: Graham Number Comparison
For the Farm & Heavy Construction Machinery subindustry, Al-Ghazi Tractors's Price-to-Graham-Number, along with its competitors' market caps and Price-to-Graham-Number data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Al-Ghazi Tractors Price-to-Graham-Number vs Farm & Heavy Construction Machinery Industry
For the Farm & Heavy Construction Machinery industry and Industrials sector, Al-Ghazi Tractors's Price-to-Graham-Number distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Al-Ghazi Tractors's Price-to-Graham-Number falls into.
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Al-Ghazi Tractors (KAR:AGTL) has a Graham Number of ₨383.83 as of Mar. 2026. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on Al-Ghazi Tractors and its competitors. According to the industry distribution chart, Al-Ghazi Tractors ranks #54 out of 164 companies in the Farm & Heavy Construction Machinery industry, placing it in the top 32.9%.
Is Al-Ghazi Tractors' Graham Number too high?
Al-Ghazi Tractors' current Graham Number is ₨383.83. Based on the distribution chart, Al-Ghazi Tractors ranks #54 out of 164 companies in the Farm & Heavy Construction Machinery industry, which is above the industry midpoint. Overall, Al-Ghazi Tractors has a GF Score™ of 72/100 and is considered Modestly Overvalued, reflecting its overall financial health beyond just this single metric.
How does Al-Ghazi Tractors' Graham Number compare to CAT and DE?
According to the Farm & Heavy Construction Machinery industry distribution chart, Al-Ghazi Tractors ranks #54 out of 164 companies for Graham Number. This puts Al-Ghazi Tractors in the upper half of its industry. The industry median Graham Number is 1.22. See the competitive comparison table and distribution chart on this page for a detailed peer-by-peer breakdown.
What is a good Graham Number for a Farm & Heavy Construction Machinery company?
The median Graham Number among Farm & Heavy Construction Machinery companies is 1.22, based on 164 companies in the industry. Companies in the top quartile (top 25%) have a Graham Number significantly above this median, while those in the bottom quartile fall well below. However, Graham Number should not be evaluated in isolation — investors should consider it alongside profitability, growth, and financial strength metrics. Use the industry distribution chart on this page to see where any company falls relative to its peers.
What does a high Graham Number mean?
A high Graham Number can signal that a stock is expensive relative to its fundamentals. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on Al-Ghazi Tractors and its competitors. For the Farm & Heavy Construction Machinery industry, the median Graham Number is 1.22 — values significantly above this may indicate overvaluation, while values below may suggest a bargain or underlying issues. Al-Ghazi Tractors's current Graham Number is ₨383.83. However, context matters — high-growth companies often justify higher valuations. Always evaluate alongside other metrics like GF Score™ and GF Value™.
Is Al-Ghazi Tractors stock overvalued right now?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, Al-Ghazi Tractors (KAR:AGTL) is currently considered Modestly Overvalued. The stock's GF Value™ is ₨316.98, compared to a current price of ₨361.92 — trading 14.2% above its estimated fair value. The current Graham Number is ₨383.83. Al-Ghazi Tractors' overall GF Score™ is 72/100 with 4 warning signs to review. Investors should evaluate multiple metrics — including profitability, growth, and financial strength — before making a decision.
How is Graham Number calculated?
Graham Number is calculated from a company's financial statements. For Al-Ghazi Tractors (KAR:AGTL), the current Graham Number is ₨383.83 as of Mar. 2026. GuruFocus calculates this using data sourced from SEC filings and annual reports. See the calculation section and 30-year financial data on this page for the full breakdown.
Is Al-Ghazi Tractors (KAR:AGTL) Overvalued in 2026?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, Al-Ghazi Tractors stock appears to be overvalued.
The current stock price of ₨361.92 is trading 14.2% above its estimated GF Value™ of ₨316.98.
GuruFocus considers Al-Ghazi Tractors to be Modestly Overvalued.
Key valuation signals for KAR:AGTL:
Graham Number: ₨383.83
GF Value™: ₨316.98 vs. price of ₨361.92 (14.2% above fair value)
No single metric tells the full story. See the KAR:AGTL stock analysis page for a complete view including 30-year financials, guru trades, and insider activity.
Al-Ghazi Tractors Ltd is principally engaged in the manufacture and sale of agricultural tractors, generators, implements and spare parts in Pakistan. It offers a wide range of New Holland (Fiat) tractors, catering to small, medium, and large-scale agricultural operations. The portfolio includes: Compact and utility tractors for small farmers and horticulture applications, and Medium- and high-horsepower tractors for larger farms and commercial agricultural operations. The company has a single reportable segment.
72GF Score
Get the complete analysis for KAR:AGTL
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