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Graham Number is a figure that measures a stock's fundamental value by taking into account the company's earnings per share and book value per share. The Graham number is the upper bound of the price range that a defensive investor should pay for the stock. According to the theory, any stock price below the Graham number is considered undervalued, and thus worth investing in.
As of today (2024-09-21), the stock price of Rand Worldwide is $19.75. Rand Worldwide's graham number for the quarter that ended in Dec. 2019 was $N/A. Therefore, Rand Worldwide's Price to Graham Number ratio for today is N/A.
The historical rank and industry rank for Rand Worldwide's Graham Number or its related term are showing as below:
Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation. It is a very conservative way of valuing a stock.
The historical data trend for Rand Worldwide's Graham Number can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Rand Worldwide Annual Data | |||||||||||||||||||||
Trend | Jun10 | Jun11 | Jun12 | Jun13 | Jun14 | Jun15 | Jun16 | Jun17 | Jun18 | Jun19 | |||||||||||
Graham Number | Get a 7-Day Free Trial | - | - | - | - | - |
Rand Worldwide Quarterly Data | ||||||||||||||||||||
Mar15 | Jun15 | Sep15 | Dec15 | Mar16 | Jun16 | Sep16 | Dec16 | Mar17 | Jun17 | Sep17 | Dec17 | Mar18 | Jun18 | Sep18 | Dec18 | Mar19 | Jun19 | Sep19 | Dec19 | |
Graham Number | Get a 7-Day Free Trial | - | - | - | - | - |
For the Software - Application subindustry, Rand Worldwide's Price-to-Graham-Number, along with its competitors' market caps and Price-to-Graham-Number data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
For the Software industry and Technology sector, Rand Worldwide's Price-to-Graham-Number distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Rand Worldwide's Price-to-Graham-Number falls into.
Graham Number is a concept based on Ben Graham's conservative valuation of companies.
Rand Worldwide's Graham Number for the fiscal year that ended in Jun. 2019 is calculated as
Graham Number | |||||
= | sqrt of (22.5 | * | Tangible Book per Share | * | EPS without NRI) |
= | sqrt of (22.5 | * | -0.446 | * | 0.382) |
= | N/A |
Rand Worldwide's Graham Number for the quarter that ended in Dec. 2019 is calculated as
Graham Number | |||||
= | sqrt of (22.5 | * | Tangible Book per Share | * | EPS without NRI (TTM)) |
= | sqrt of (22.5 | * | -0.006 | * | 0.661) |
= | N/A |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Rand Worldwide (OTCPK:RWWI) Graham Number Explanation
Ben Graham actually did not publish a formula like this. But he wrote in The Intelligent Investor (1948 version) regarding to the criteria for purchases:
Current price should not be more than 15 times average earnings of the past three years.
Current price should not be more than 1.5 times the book value last reported. However, a multiplier of earnings below 15 could justify a correspondingly higher multiplier of assets. As a rule of thumb we suggest that the product of the multiplier times the ratio of price to book value should not exceed 22.5. (This figure corresponds to 15 times earnings and 1.5 times book value. It would admit an issue selling at only 9 times earnings and 2.5 times asset value, etc.)
Unlike valuation methods such as DCF or Discounted Earnings, the Graham number does not take growth into the valuation. Unlike the valuation methods based on book value alone, it takes into account the earnings power. Therefore, the Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation.
In general, the Graham number is a very conservative way of valuing a stock. It cannot be applied to companies with negative book values.
Rand Worldwide's Price to Graham number Ratio for today is calculated as
Price to Graham number | = | Share Price (Today) | / | Graham number (Q: Dec. 2019 ) |
= | 19.75 | / | N/A | |
= | N/A |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Be Aware
Please keep these in mind:
1. Graham Number does not take growth into account. Therefore it underestimates the values of the companies that have good earnings growth. We feel that if the earnings per share grows more than 10% a year, Graham Number underestimates the value.
2. Graham Number punishes the companies that have temporarily low earnings. Therefore, an average of earnings makes more sense in the calculation of Graham Number.
3. Graham Numbers underestimates companies that are light with book.
Thank you for viewing the detailed overview of Rand Worldwide's Graham Number provided by GuruFocus.com. Please click on the following links to see related term pages.
Lawrence Rychlak | director, officer: Chief Executive Officer | 14 PEBBLE LANE TIMONIUM MD 21093 |
Philip B Livingston | director | 1241 EAST MAIN ST, STAMFORD CT 06902 |
David Michael Schneider | director | 36 ROSEWOOD DRIVE EASTON CT 06612 |
Dulude Marc J L | director, officer: Chief Executive Officer | 55 WILLIAM ST STE 240 WELLESLEY MA 02481 |
2006 L P Ampersand | other: Former 10% owner | 55 WILLIAM ST SUITE 240 WELLESLEY MA 02481 |
Amp-06 Mc Llc | other: Former 10% owner | C/O AMPERSAND VENTURES 55 WILLIAM STREET, SUITE 240 WELLESLEY MA 02481 |
Amp-06 Management Co Limited Partnership | other: Former 10% owner | C/O AMPERSAND VENTURES 55 WILLIAM STREET, SUITE 240 WELLESLEY MA 02481 |
Rwwi Holdings Llc | other: Former 10% owner | C/O AMPERSAND VENTURES 55 WILLIAM STREET, SUITE 240 WELLESLEY MA 02481 |
Manu Parpia | director | GODREJ BHAVAN, 4A HOME STREET FORT, BOMBAY K7 400 001 |
Peter H Kamin | director, 10 percent owner | 2720 DONALD ROSS ROAD, #311, PALM BEACH GARDENS FL 33410 |
Robert Francis Heeg | officer: Executive Vice President | 10022 JAMESTOWN DRIVE NORTH ROYAL OH 44133 |
George M Davis | director | |
Eugene J Fischer | director | 245 LANING DRIVE WOODSIDE CA 94062 |
3k Limited Partnership | other: See Explanation of Responses | ONE AVERY STREET 17B BOSTON MA 02111 |
Peter H. Kamin Childrens Trust | other: See Explanation of Responses | ONE AVERY STREET 17B BOSTON MA 02111 |
From GuruFocus
By PRNewswire PRNewswire • 11-14-2019
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