Happy Forgings Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for Happy Forgings's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Happy Forgings Beneish M-Score Chart
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Happy Forgings Annual Data
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Trend |
Mar21 |
Mar22 |
Mar23 |
Mar24 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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- |
- |
0.37 |
-1.76 |
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Happy Forgings Quarterly Data
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Mar21 |
Mar22 |
Dec22 |
Mar23 |
Jun23 |
Sep23 |
Dec23 |
Mar24 |
Jun24 |
Sep24 |
Dec24 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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- |
-1.76 |
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Competitive Comparison of Happy Forgings's Beneish M-Score
For the Metal Fabrication subindustry, Happy Forgings's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Happy Forgings's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Industrial Products Industry
For the Industrial Products industry and Industrials sector, Happy Forgings's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Happy Forgings's Beneish M-Score falls into.
Happy Forgings Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Happy Forgings for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 1.0362 | + | 0.528 * 0.9333 | + | 0.404 * 1.7542 | + | 0.892 * 1.158 | + | 0.115 * 1.0368 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 1.0439 | + | 4.679 * 0.028611 | - | 0.327 * 0.5402 |
| = | -1.76 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Mar24) TTM: | Last Year (Mar23) TTM: |
Total Receivables was ₹3,708 Mil.
Revenue was ₹12,431 Mil.
Gross Profit was ₹5,654 Mil.
Total Current Assets was ₹7,418 Mil.
Total Assets was ₹18,860 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was ₹9,334 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was ₹647 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was ₹381 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was ₹2,418 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was ₹0 Mil.
Net Income was ₹2,430 Mil.
Gross Profit was ₹0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was ₹1,890 Mil.
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Total Receivables was ₹3,090 Mil.
Revenue was ₹10,735 Mil.
Gross Profit was ₹4,557 Mil.
Total Current Assets was ₹4,900 Mil.
Total Assets was ₹13,262 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was ₹7,517 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was ₹542 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was ₹315 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was ₹2,566 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was ₹582 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (3707.606 / 12430.82) | / | (3089.913 / 10735.141) |
| = | 0.298259 | / | 0.287832 |
| | = | 1.0362 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (4556.712 / 10735.141) | / | (5653.839 / 12430.82) |
| = | 0.424467 | / | 0.454824 |
| | = | 0.9333 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (7417.514 + 9334.033) / 18859.51) | / | (1 - (4899.52 + 7517.111) / 13261.614) |
| = | 0.111772 | / | 0.063716 |
| | = | 1.7542 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 12430.82 | / | 10735.141 |
| | = | 1.158 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (541.824 / (541.824 + 7517.111)) | / | (647.276 / (647.276 + 9334.033)) |
| = | 0.067233 | / | 0.064849 |
| | = | 1.0368 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (380.713 / 12430.82) | / | (314.969 / 10735.141) |
| = | 0.030627 | / | 0.02934 |
| | = | 1.0439 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((0 + 2418.405) / 18859.51) | / | ((581.76 + 2566.434) / 13261.614) |
| = | 0.128233 | / | 0.237391 |
| | = | 0.5402 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (2429.837 - 0 | - | 1890.243) | / | 18859.51 |
| | = | 0.028611 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Happy Forgings has a M-score of -1.76 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
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