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D2L (DTLIF) Beneish M-Score : -2.66 (As of May. 05, 2024)


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What is D2L Beneish M-Score?

The zones of discrimination for M-Score is as such:

An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.

Good Sign:

Beneish M-Score -2.66 no higher than -1.78, which implies that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.

The historical rank and industry rank for D2L's Beneish M-Score or its related term are showing as below:

DTLIF' s Beneish M-Score Range Over the Past 10 Years
Min: -3.85   Med: -3.08   Max: -2.66
Current: -2.66

During the past 6 years, the highest Beneish M-Score of D2L was -2.66. The lowest was -3.85. And the median was -3.08.


D2L Beneish M-Score Historical Data

The historical data trend for D2L's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:

* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.

* Premium members only.

D2L Beneish M-Score Chart

D2L Annual Data
Trend Jan19 Jan20 Jan21 Jan22 Jan23 Jan24
Beneish M-Score
Get a 7-Day Free Trial - - -3.85 -3.08 -2.66

D2L Quarterly Data
Jan19 Jan20 Jul20 Oct20 Jan21 Apr21 Jul21 Oct21 Jan22 Apr22 Jul22 Oct22 Jan23 Apr23 Jul23 Oct23 Jan24
Beneish M-Score Get a 7-Day Free Trial Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only -3.08 -2.76 -2.94 -2.99 -2.66

Competitive Comparison of D2L's Beneish M-Score

For the Software - Application subindustry, D2L's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:

* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.


D2L's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Software Industry

For the Software industry and Technology sector, D2L's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:

* The bar in red indicates where D2L's Beneish M-Score falls into.



D2L Beneish M-Score Calculation

The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.

The M-Score Variables:

The M-score of D2L for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:

M=-4.84+0.92 * DSRI+0.528 * GMI+0.404 * AQI+0.892 * SGI+0.115 * DEPI
=-4.84+0.92 * 1.0837+0.528 * 0.9552+0.404 * 1.2256+0.892 * 1.083+0.115 * 1.5033
-0.172 * SGAI+4.679 * TATA-0.327 * LVGI
-0.172 * 0.9274+4.679 * -0.098988-0.327 * 1.0223
=-2.66

* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.

This Year (Jan24) TTM:Last Year (Jan23) TTM:
Total Receivables was $27.0 Mil.
Revenue was 47.57 + 46.113 + 44.47 + 44.228 = $182.4 Mil.
Gross Profit was 32.035 + 30.6 + 29.681 + 29.88 = $122.2 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $159.8 Mil.
Total Assets was $197.1 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $17.2 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $2.9 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $81.0 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $127.6 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $11.7 Mil.
Net Income was 0.563 + -0.388 + -4.828 + 1.11 = $-3.5 Mil.
Non Operating Income was -0.075 + 0.305 + -0.365 + 0.446 = $0.3 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was -5.512 + 15.318 + 22.888 + -17.035 = $15.7 Mil.
Total Receivables was $23.0 Mil.
Revenue was 42.685 + 42.668 + 41.173 + 41.87 = $168.4 Mil.
Gross Profit was 27.327 + 27.505 + 26.585 + 26.353 = $107.8 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $146.4 Mil.
Total Assets was $176.6 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $15.5 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $4.2 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $80.6 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $110.2 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $11.9 Mil.




1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index

Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.

A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.

DSRI=(Receivables_t / Revenue_t) / (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1)
=(26.998 / 182.381) / (23.002 / 168.396)
=0.148031 / 0.136595
=1.0837

2. GMI = Gross Margin Index

Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.

Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.

GMI=GrossMargin_t-1 / GrossMargin_t
=(GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) / (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t)
=(107.77 / 168.396) / (122.196 / 182.381)
=0.63998 / 0.670004
=0.9552

3. AQI = Asset Quality Index

AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.

Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.

AQI=(1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) / (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1)
=(1 - (159.793 + 17.203) / 197.124) / (1 - (146.404 + 15.492) / 176.61)
=0.102108 / 0.083314
=1.2256

4. SGI = Sales Growth Index

Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.

Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.

SGI=Sales_t / Sales_t-1
=Revenue_t / Revenue_t-1
=182.381 / 168.396
=1.083

5. DEPI = Depreciation Index

Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.

DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.

DEPI=(Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) / (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t))
=(4.243 / (4.243 + 15.492)) / (2.871 / (2.871 + 17.203))
=0.214999 / 0.143021
=1.5033

Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.

6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index

The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.

SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.

SGAI=(SGA_t / Sales_t) / (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1)
=(80.988 / 182.381) / (80.63 / 168.396)
=0.444059 / 0.478812
=0.9274

7. LVGI = Leverage Index

The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.

An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage

LVGI=((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) / ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1)
=((11.708 + 127.637) / 197.124) / ((11.879 + 110.241) / 176.61)
=0.70689 / 0.691467
=1.0223

8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets

Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.

TATA=(IncomefromContinuingOperations_t - CashFlowsfromOperations_t) / TotalAssets_t
=(NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t - CashFlowsfromOperations_t) / TotalAssets_t
=(-3.543 - 0.311 - 15.659) / 197.124
=-0.098988

An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.

D2L has a M-score of -2.66 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.


D2L (DTLIF) Business Description

Traded in Other Exchanges
Address
137 Glasgow Street, Suite 560, Kitchener, ON, CAN, N2G 4X8
D2L Inc is a learning innovation company. It provides cloud-based learning software for higher education institutions, kindergarten to grade 12 (K-12) schools and districts, and private sector enterprises. The company serves K-12, higher education, associations, and the corporate sector. Its product includes D2L Brightspace and D2L Wave.

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