Perennial Energy Holdings Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for Perennial Energy Holdings's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Perennial Energy Holdings Beneish M-Score Chart
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Perennial Energy Holdings Annual Data
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Trend |
Dec15 |
Dec16 |
Dec17 |
Dec18 |
Dec19 |
Dec20 |
Dec21 |
Dec22 |
Dec23 |
Dec24 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.43 |
-2.62 |
-0.90 |
-1.84 |
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Perennial Energy Holdings Semi-Annual Data
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Dec15 |
Dec16 |
Dec17 |
Jun18 |
Dec18 |
Jun19 |
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Jun20 |
Dec20 |
Jun21 |
Dec21 |
Jun22 |
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Jun23 |
Dec23 |
Jun24 |
Dec24 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-0.90 |
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-1.84 |
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Competitive Comparison of Perennial Energy Holdings's Beneish M-Score
For the Coking Coal subindustry, Perennial Energy Holdings's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Perennial Energy Holdings's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Steel Industry
For the Steel industry and Basic Materials sector, Perennial Energy Holdings's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Perennial Energy Holdings's Beneish M-Score falls into.
Perennial Energy Holdings Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Perennial Energy Holdings for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 0.965 | + | 0.528 * 1.1382 | + | 0.404 * 1.8989 | + | 0.892 * 0.9419 | + | 0.115 * 0.9225 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 1.3125 | + | 4.679 * 0.067175 | - | 0.327 * 0.8753 |
| = | -1.84 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Dec23) TTM: | Last Year (Dec22) TTM: |
Total Receivables was HK$913 Mil.
Revenue was HK$1,877 Mil.
Gross Profit was HK$1,033 Mil.
Total Current Assets was HK$1,119 Mil.
Total Assets was HK$4,735 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was HK$3,376 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was HK$178 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was HK$253 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was HK$1,315 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was HK$252 Mil.
Net Income was HK$551 Mil.
Gross Profit was HK$0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was HK$233 Mil.
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Total Receivables was HK$1,005 Mil.
Revenue was HK$1,992 Mil.
Gross Profit was HK$1,248 Mil.
Total Current Assets was HK$1,286 Mil.
Total Assets was HK$4,556 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was HK$3,149 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was HK$152 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was HK$205 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was HK$1,620 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was HK$102 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (913.294 / 1876.512) | / | (1004.766 / 1992.256) |
| = | 0.486698 | / | 0.504336 |
| | = | 0.965 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (1248.079 / 1992.256) | / | (1032.844 / 1876.512) |
| = | 0.626465 | / | 0.550406 |
| | = | 1.1382 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (1118.7 + 3375.66) / 4735.239) | / | (1 - (1285.621 + 3148.529) / 4556.201) |
| = | 0.050869 | / | 0.026788 |
| | = | 1.8989 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 1876.512 | / | 1992.256 |
| | = | 0.9419 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (152.386 / (152.386 + 3148.529)) | / | (177.835 / (177.835 + 3375.66)) |
| = | 0.046165 | / | 0.050045 |
| | = | 0.9225 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (253.187 / 1876.512) | / | (204.802 / 1992.256) |
| = | 0.134924 | / | 0.102799 |
| | = | 1.3125 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((251.569 + 1315.205) / 4735.239) | / | ((101.955 + 1620.394) / 4556.201) |
| = | 0.330875 | / | 0.378023 |
| | = | 0.8753 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (551.476 - 0 | - | 233.388) | / | 4735.239 |
| | = | 0.067175 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Perennial Energy Holdings has a M-score of -1.84 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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