RAND (Rand Capital) Beneish M-Score : -2.38 (As of Mar. 17, 2025)

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What is Rand Capital Beneish M-Score?

Note: Financial institutions were excluded from the sample in Beneish paper when calculating Beneish M-Score. Thus, the prediction might not fit banks and insurance companies.

The zones of discrimination for M-Score is as such:

An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.

Good Sign:

Beneish M-Score -2.38 no higher than -1.78, which implies that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.

The historical rank and industry rank for Rand Capital's Beneish M-Score or its related term are showing as below:

RAND' s Beneish M-Score Range Over the Past 10 Years
Min: -2.38 Med: -1.47 Max: 7.51
Current: -2.38

During the past 13 years, the highest Beneish M-Score of Rand Capital was 7.51. The lowest was -2.38. And the median was -1.47.

Rand Capital Beneish M-Score Calculation

The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.

The M-Score Variables:

The M-score of Rand Capital for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:

-4.84

0.92 * DSRI

0.528 * GMI

0.404 * AQI

0.892 * SGI

0.115 * DEPI

-4.84

0.92 * 0.9574

0.528 * 1

0.404 * 1

0.892 * 1.247

0.115 * 1

0.172 * SGAI

4.679 * TATA

0.327 * LVGI

0.172 * 0.8479

4.679 * -0.089764

0.327 * 0.0413

-2.38

* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.

This Year (Dec24) TTM:

Last Year (Dec23) TTM:

Total Receivables was $0.39 Mil.
Revenue was -2.417 + 2.738 + 8.034 + 1.822 = $10.18 Mil.
Gross Profit was -2.417 + 2.738 + 8.034 + 1.822 = $10.18 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $0.00 Mil.
Total Assets was $72.46 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $0.00 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $0.02 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $1.35 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $0.00 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $0.60 Mil.
Net Income was -2.946 + 2.637 + 7.738 + 1.399 = $8.83 Mil.
Non Operating Income was 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = $0.00 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 0.782 + 15.108 + 4.283 + -4.841 = $15.33 Mil.

Total Receivables was $0.33 Mil.
Revenue was 1.54 + 1.02 + 2.989 + 2.612 = $8.16 Mil.
Gross Profit was 1.54 + 1.02 + 2.989 + 2.612 = $8.16 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $0.00 Mil.
Total Assets was $81.02 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $0.00 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $0.02 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $1.27 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $0.00 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $16.25 Mil.

1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index

Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.

A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.

DSRI	=	(Receivables_t / Revenue_t)	/	(Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1)
	=	(0.394 / 10.177)	/	(0.33 / 8.161)
	=	0.038715	/	0.040436
	=	0.9574

2. GMI = Gross Margin Index

Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.

Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.

GMI	=	GrossMargin_t-1	/	GrossMargin_t
	=	(GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1)	/	(GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t)
	=	(8.161 / 8.161)	/	(10.177 / 10.177)
	=	1	/	1
	=	1

3. AQI = Asset Quality Index

AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.

Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.

AQI	=	(1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t)	/	(1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1)
	=	(1 - (0 + 0) / 72.457)	/	(1 - (0 + 0) / 81.022)
	=	1	/	1
	=	1

4. SGI = Sales Growth Index

Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.

Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.

SGI	=	Sales_t	/	Sales_t-1
	=	Revenue_t	/	Revenue_t-1
	=	10.177	/	8.161
	=	1.247

5. DEPI = Depreciation Index

Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.

DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.

DEPI	=	(Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1))	/	(Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t))
	=	(0.024 / (0.024 + 0))	/	(0.024 / (0.024 + 0))
	=	1	/	1
	=	1

Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.

6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index

The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.

SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.

SGAI	=	(SGA_t / Sales_t)	/	(SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1)
	=	(1.345 / 10.177)	/	(1.272 / 8.161)
	=	0.132161	/	0.155863
	=	0.8479

7. LVGI = Leverage Index

The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.

An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage

LVGI	=	((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t)	/	((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1)
	=	((0.6 + 0) / 72.457)	/	((16.25 + 0) / 81.022)
	=	0.008281	/	0.200563
	=	0.0413

8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets

Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.

TATA	=	(IncomefromContinuingOperations_t	-	CashFlowsfromOperations_t)	/	TotalAssets_t
	=	(NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t	-	CashFlowsfromOperations_t)	/	TotalAssets_t
	=	(8.828 - 0	-	15.332)	/	72.457
	=	-0.089764

An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.

Rand Capital has a M-score of -2.38 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.

Rand Capital Beneish M-Score Related Terms

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Rand Capital Business Description

Industry

GURUFOCUS.COM » STOCK LIST » Financial Services » Asset Management » Rand Capital Corp (NAS:RAND) » Definitions » Beneish M-Score

Comparable Companies

Traded in Other Exchanges

N/A

Address

1405 Rand Building, Buffalo, NY, USA, 14203

Website

https://www.randcapital.com

Rand Capital Corp is a closed-end, diversified management company. The firm's investment objectives is to maximize the total return to the shareholders with current income combined with capital appreciation. Some of its portfolios include lumious, and GiveGab among others.

Executives

Adam Samuel Gusky	director	RAND CAPITAL CORPORATION, 14 LAFAYETTE SQUARE, SUITE 2200, BUFFALO NY 14203
Benjamin E Godley	director	RAND CAPITAL CORPORATION, 14 LAFAYETTE SQUARE, SUITE 2200, BUFFALO NY 14203
Cari L Jaroslawsky	director	C/O HARTER SECREST & EMERY LLP, 1600 BAUSCH & LOMB PLACE, ROCHESTER NY 14604
Daniel P Penberthy	officer: EVP and CFO	C/O RAND CAPITAL CORP, 2200 RAND BLDG, BUFFALO NY 14203
Robert M Zak	director	250 MAIN STREET, BUFFALO NY 14202
Erland E Kailbourne	director	C/O RAND CAPITAL CORP, 2200 RAND BUILDING, BUFFFALO NY 14203
Heather Eastgate	officer: Chief Compliance Officer	C/O RAND CAPITAL CORPORATION, 14 LAFAYETTE SQUARE, SUITE 1405, BUFFALO NY 14203
East Asset Management, Llc	10 percent owner	777 NW BEACON SQUARE BLVD., BOCA RATON FL 33487
Nancy Marie Stone	officer: Chief Compliance Officer	C/O RAND CAPITAL CORPORATION, 14 LAFAYETTE SQUARE, SUITE 1405, BUFFALO NY 14203
Margaret Brechtel	officer: EVP, Treas., CFO & Sec.	C/O RAND CAPITAL CORPORATION, 14 LAFAYETTE SQUARE, SUITE 1405, BUFFALO NY 14203
User-friendly Holding, Llc	10 percent owner	10200 GROGANS MILL RD., SUITE 440, THE WOODLANDS TX 77380
User-friendly Phone Book, Llc	10 percent owner	10200 GROGANS MILL RD., SUITE 440, THE WOODLANDS TX 77380
Newman Reginald B Ii	director	PRIOR AVIATION SERVICE INC., 50 NORTH AIRPORT DRIVE, BUFFALO NY 14225
Utility Service Holding Co., Inc.	10 percent owner	P.O. BOX 240, WARTHEN GA 31094
Colmac Holdings Ltd	10 percent owner	8 KING STREET EAST, SUITE 1901, TORONTO A6 M5C 1B5