GuocoLand Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for GuocoLand's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
GuocoLand Beneish M-Score Chart
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GuocoLand Annual Data
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Trend |
Jun15 |
Jun16 |
Jun17 |
Jun18 |
Jun19 |
Jun20 |
Jun21 |
Jun22 |
Jun23 |
Jun24 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-1.89 |
-0.85 |
-2.68 |
-2.46 |
-1.89 |
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GuocoLand Semi-Annual Data
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Jun15 |
Dec15 |
Jun16 |
Dec16 |
Jun17 |
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Dec18 |
Jun19 |
Dec19 |
Jun20 |
Dec20 |
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Dec21 |
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Dec22 |
Jun23 |
Dec23 |
Jun24 |
Dec24 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.46 |
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-1.89 |
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Competitive Comparison of GuocoLand's Beneish M-Score
For the Real Estate - Development subindustry, GuocoLand's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
GuocoLand's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Real Estate Industry
For the Real Estate industry and Real Estate sector, GuocoLand's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where GuocoLand's Beneish M-Score falls into.
GuocoLand Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of GuocoLand for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 1.4501 | + | 0.528 * 1.1515 | + | 0.404 * 1.062 | + | 0.892 * 1.1777 | + | 0.115 * 1.093 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 0.7915 | + | 4.679 * -0.027755 | - | 0.327 * 0.9998 |
| = | -1.89 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Jun24) TTM: | Last Year (Jun23) TTM: |
Total Receivables was S$187 Mil.
Revenue was S$1,819 Mil.
Gross Profit was S$394 Mil.
Total Current Assets was S$4,551 Mil.
Total Assets was S$12,341 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was S$436 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was S$11 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was S$75 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was S$3,018 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was S$3,034 Mil.
Net Income was S$129 Mil.
Gross Profit was S$0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was S$472 Mil.
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Total Receivables was S$110 Mil.
Revenue was S$1,544 Mil.
Gross Profit was S$385 Mil.
Total Current Assets was S$4,832 Mil.
Total Assets was S$12,010 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was S$440 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was S$12 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was S$80 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was S$1,695 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was S$4,195 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (187.31 / 1818.854) | / | (109.679 / 1544.432) |
| = | 0.102982 | / | 0.071016 |
| | = | 1.4501 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (384.89 / 1544.432) | / | (393.626 / 1818.854) |
| = | 0.249211 | / | 0.216414 |
| | = | 1.1515 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (4551.299 + 436.323) / 12341.236) | / | (1 - (4832.089 + 439.646) / 12009.82) |
| = | 0.595857 | / | 0.561048 |
| | = | 1.062 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 1818.854 | / | 1544.432 |
| | = | 1.1777 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (12.16 / (12.16 + 439.646)) | / | (11.015 / (11.015 + 436.323)) |
| = | 0.026914 | / | 0.024623 |
| | = | 1.093 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (74.959 / 1818.854) | / | (80.411 / 1544.432) |
| = | 0.041212 | / | 0.052065 |
| | = | 0.7915 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((3033.97 + 3018.199) / 12341.236) | / | ((4195.215 + 1695.379) / 12009.82) |
| = | 0.490402 | / | 0.490481 |
| | = | 0.9998 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (128.987 - 0 | - | 471.512) | / | 12341.236 |
| | = | -0.027755 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
GuocoLand has a M-score of -1.89 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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