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CALBEE (TSE:2229) Beneish M-Score : -2.36 (As of Mar. 03, 2025)


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What is CALBEE Beneish M-Score?

The zones of discrimination for M-Score is as such:

An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.

Good Sign:

Beneish M-Score -2.36 no higher than -1.78, which implies that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.

The historical rank and industry rank for CALBEE's Beneish M-Score or its related term are showing as below:

TSE:2229' s Beneish M-Score Range Over the Past 10 Years
Min: -3.13   Med: -2.51   Max: -1.81
Current: -2.36

During the past 13 years, the highest Beneish M-Score of CALBEE was -1.81. The lowest was -3.13. And the median was -2.51.


CALBEE Beneish M-Score Historical Data

The historical data trend for CALBEE's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:

* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.

* Premium members only.

CALBEE Beneish M-Score Chart

CALBEE Annual Data
Trend Mar15 Mar16 Mar17 Mar18 Mar19 Mar20 Mar21 Mar22 Mar23 Mar24
Beneish M-Score
Get a 7-Day Free Trial Premium Member Only Premium Member Only -3.13 -2.56 -2.30 -2.43 -2.36

CALBEE Quarterly Data
Mar20 Jun20 Sep20 Dec20 Mar21 Jun21 Sep21 Dec21 Mar22 Jun22 Sep22 Dec22 Mar23 Jun23 Sep23 Dec23 Mar24 Jun24 Sep24 Dec24
Beneish M-Score Get a 7-Day Free Trial Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only - -2.36 - - -

Competitive Comparison of CALBEE's Beneish M-Score

For the Packaged Foods subindustry, CALBEE's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:

* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.


CALBEE's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Consumer Packaged Goods Industry

For the Consumer Packaged Goods industry and Consumer Defensive sector, CALBEE's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:

* The bar in red indicates where CALBEE's Beneish M-Score falls into.



CALBEE Beneish M-Score Calculation

The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.

The M-Score Variables:

The M-score of CALBEE for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:

M=-4.84+0.92 * DSRI+0.528 * GMI+0.404 * AQI+0.892 * SGI+0.115 * DEPI
=-4.84+0.92 * 1.3438+0.528 * 0.9598+0.404 * 0.862+0.892 * 1.0849+0.115 * 1.1391
-0.172 * SGAI+4.679 * TATA-0.327 * LVGI
-0.172 * 1+4.679 * -0.015279-0.327 * 1.4196
=-2.36

* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.

This Year (Mar24) TTM:Last Year (Mar23) TTM:
Total Receivables was 円54,118 Mil.
Revenue was 円303,027 Mil.
Gross Profit was 円101,959 Mil.
Total Current Assets was 円127,853 Mil.
Total Assets was 円292,158 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was 円123,657 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was 円12,675 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was 円0 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was 円54,475 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was 円25,433 Mil.
Net Income was 円19,886 Mil.
Gross Profit was 円0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 円24,350 Mil.
Total Receivables was 円37,120 Mil.
Revenue was 円279,315 Mil.
Gross Profit was 円90,200 Mil.
Total Current Assets was 円98,970 Mil.
Total Assets was 円239,095 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was 円101,533 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was 円12,026 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was 円0 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was 円45,663 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was 円403 Mil.




1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index

Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.

A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.

DSRI=(Receivables_t / Revenue_t) / (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1)
=(54118 / 303027) / (37120 / 279315)
=0.178591 / 0.132897
=1.3438

2. GMI = Gross Margin Index

Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.

Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.

GMI=GrossMargin_t-1 / GrossMargin_t
=(GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) / (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t)
=(90200 / 279315) / (101959 / 303027)
=0.322933 / 0.336468
=0.9598

3. AQI = Asset Quality Index

AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.

Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.

AQI=(1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) / (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1)
=(1 - (127853 + 123657) / 292158) / (1 - (98970 + 101533) / 239095)
=0.13913 / 0.161409
=0.862

4. SGI = Sales Growth Index

Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.

Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.

SGI=Sales_t / Sales_t-1
=Revenue_t / Revenue_t-1
=303027 / 279315
=1.0849

5. DEPI = Depreciation Index

Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.

DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.

DEPI=(Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) / (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t))
=(12026 / (12026 + 101533)) / (12675 / (12675 + 123657))
=0.105901 / 0.092972
=1.1391

Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.

6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index

The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.

SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.

SGAI=(SGA_t / Sales_t) / (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1)
=(0 / 303027) / (0 / 279315)
=0 / 0
=1

7. LVGI = Leverage Index

The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.

An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage

LVGI=((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) / ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1)
=((25433 + 54475) / 292158) / ((403 + 45663) / 239095)
=0.27351 / 0.192668
=1.4196

8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets

Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.

TATA=(IncomefromContinuingOperations_t - CashFlowsfromOperations_t) / TotalAssets_t
=(NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t - CashFlowsfromOperations_t) / TotalAssets_t
=(19886 - 0 - 24350) / 292158
=-0.015279

An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.

CALBEE has a M-score of -2.36 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.


CALBEE Business Description

Traded in Other Exchanges
Address
1-8-3 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, 22nd Floor, Marunouchi Trust Tower Main, Tokyo, JPN, 100-0005
Calbee, listed in 2011, is a leader in Japan's snack food industry with nearly 54% of the domestic market. Potato snacks, including chips and the company's original Jagarico and Jagabee potato strips, are a core strength, demonstrated by a dominant 71% share in potato chips. Growth in the Frugra brand, the best-selling cereal product with a 38% share in the domestic cereal market, is the latest growth driver in China. The overseas business, constituting 16% of group sales, has been undergoing restructuring since the partnership with Tingyi and PepsiCo unwound. Apart from China and the U.S., Indonesia and the U.K. are emerging as new growth drivers. Easing competition should end losses in Indonesia while the integration of Calbee U.K. and Seabrook will enhance cost efficiencies.

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