Graham Number is a figure that measures a stock's fundamental value by taking into account the company's earnings per share and book value per share. The Graham number is the upper bound of the price range that a defensive investor should pay for the stock. According to the theory, any stock price below the Graham number is considered undervalued, and thus worth investing in.
As of today (2024-06-23), the stock price of Pohjola Pankki Oyj is €15.98. Pohjola Pankki Oyj's graham number for the quarter that ended in Mar. 2016 was €N/A. Therefore, Pohjola Pankki Oyj's Price to Graham Number ratio for today is N/A.
The historical rank and industry rank for Pohjola Pankki Oyj's Graham Number or its related term are showing as below:
During the past 12 years, the highest Price to Graham Number ratio of Pohjola Pankki Oyj was 1.40. The lowest was 0.00. And the median was 0.95.
LTS:0ICL's Price-to-Graham-Number is not ranked *
in the Banks industry.
Industry Median: 0.62 * Ranked among companies with meaningful Price-to-Graham-Number only.
Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation. It is a very conservative way of valuing a stock.
Pohjola Pankki Oyj Graham Number Historical Data
The historical data trend for Pohjola Pankki Oyj's Graham Number can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Competitive Comparison of Pohjola Pankki Oyj's Graham Number
For the Banks - Regional subindustry, Pohjola Pankki Oyj's Price-to-Graham-Number, along with its competitors' market caps and Price-to-Graham-Number data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Pohjola Pankki Oyj's Price-to-Graham-Number Distribution in the Banks Industry
For the Banks industry and Financial Services sector, Pohjola Pankki Oyj's Price-to-Graham-Number distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Pohjola Pankki Oyj's Price-to-Graham-Number falls into.
Pohjola Pankki Oyj Graham Number Calculation
Graham Number is a concept based on Ben Graham's conservative valuation of companies.
Pohjola Pankki Oyj's Graham Number for the fiscal year that ended in Dec. 2015 is calculated as
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Pohjola Pankki Oyj (LTS:0ICL) Graham Number Explanation
Ben Graham actually did not publish a formula like this. But he wrote in The Intelligent Investor (1948 version) regarding to the criteria for purchases:
Current price should not be more than 15 times average earnings of the past three years.
Current price should not be more than 1.5 times the book value last reported. However, a multiplier of earnings below 15 could justify a correspondingly higher multiplier of assets. As a rule of thumb we suggest that the product of the multiplier times the ratio of price to book value should not exceed 22.5. (This figure corresponds to 15 times earnings and 1.5 times book value. It would admit an issue selling at only 9 times earnings and 2.5 times asset value, etc.)
Unlike valuation methods such as DCF or Discounted Earnings, the Graham number does not take growth into the valuation. Unlike the valuation methods based on book value alone, it takes into account the earnings power. Therefore, the Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation.
In general, the Graham number is a very conservative way of valuing a stock. It cannot be applied to companies with negative book values.
Pohjola Pankki Oyj's Price to Graham number Ratio for today is calculated as
Price to Graham number
=
Share Price (Today)
/
Graham number (Q: Mar. 2016 )
=
15.98
/
N/A
=
N/A
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Be Aware
Please keep these in mind:
1. Graham Number does not take growth into account. Therefore it underestimates the values of the companies that have good earnings growth. We feel that if the earnings per share grows more than 10% a year, Graham Number underestimates the value.
2. Graham Number punishes the companies that have temporarily low earnings. Therefore, an average of earnings makes more sense in the calculation of Graham Number.
3. Graham Numbers underestimates companies that are light with book.
Pohjola Pankki Oyj Graham Number Related Terms
Thank you for viewing the detailed overview of Pohjola Pankki Oyj's Graham Number provided by GuruFocus.com. Please click on the following links to see related term pages.
Pohjola Pankki Oyj (LTS:0ICL) Business Description
Pohjola Pankki Oyj, provides banking, non-life insurance and wealth management services. It serves businesses, institutions and private individuals and provides banking and insurance services to customers while supporting corporate customers' business.. The Company operates through the following three business segments: Banking, Asset Management, and Non-life Insurance. The banking segment provides corporate and institutional customers with solutions for their financing and financial management needs. Banking consists of the following divisions: Corporate Banking, Markets and Baltic Banking. Companies within Banking are the member banks, Helsinki OP Bank PLC, OP-Kotipankki Oyj, OP Mortgage Bank and OP Fund Management Company Ltd and certain smaller companies supporting banking services in its entirety. The Company's Banking and Asset Management segments are also included under OP-Pohjola Group's Banking. The operations of OP Bank Group Mutual Insurance Company's are also included under Banking as the company's business consists of credit insurance to OP-Pohjola Group's retail banks. The Wealth Management Segment comprises the following operations: OP Life Assurance Company Ltd and Aurum Investment Insurance Ltd engaged in the Company's life and pension insurance business, OP Fund Management Company Ltd engaged in mutual fund business, and Pohjola Group's Asset Management segment. The Non-life Insurance segment encompasses the operations of OP-Pohjola Group's non-life insurance companies, i.e. Pohjola Insurance Ltd, Eurooppalainen Insurance Company Ltd, A-Insurance Ltd, the Seesam companies operating in the Baltic countries, as well as the operations of service companies supporting non-life insurance. Non-life insurance products include non-life insurance policies sold to corporate and private customers.
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