Ambea AB Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for Ambea AB's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Ambea AB Beneish M-Score Chart
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Ambea AB Annual Data
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Trend |
Dec14 |
Dec15 |
Dec16 |
Dec17 |
Dec18 |
Dec19 |
Dec20 |
Dec21 |
Dec22 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.15 |
-3.05 |
-2.73 |
-2.67 |
-2.58 |
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Ambea AB Quarterly Data
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Dec19 |
Mar20 |
Jun20 |
Sep20 |
Dec20 |
Mar21 |
Jun21 |
Sep21 |
Dec21 |
Mar22 |
Jun22 |
Sep22 |
Dec22 |
Mar23 |
Jun23 |
Sep23 |
Dec23 |
Mar24 |
Jun24 |
Sep24 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.54 |
-2.58 |
-2.57 |
-2.81 |
-2.84 |
Competitive Comparison of Ambea AB's Beneish M-Score
For the Medical Care Facilities subindustry, Ambea AB's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Ambea AB's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Healthcare Providers & Services Industry
For the Healthcare Providers & Services industry and Healthcare sector, Ambea AB's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Ambea AB's Beneish M-Score falls into.
Ambea AB Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Ambea AB for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 0.9255 | + | 0.528 * 0.9984 | + | 0.404 * 0.991 | + | 0.892 * 1.0643 | + | 0.115 * 0.9606 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 1 | + | 4.679 * -0.072238 | - | 0.327 * 1.0017 |
| = | -2.84 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Sep24) TTM: | Last Year (Sep23) TTM: |
Total Receivables was kr1,774 Mil.
Revenue was 3555 + 3519 + 3484 + 3411 = kr13,969 Mil.
Gross Profit was 3431 + 3397 + 3367 + 3295 = kr13,490 Mil.
Total Current Assets was kr1,819 Mil.
Total Assets was kr18,176 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was kr8,737 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was kr1,349 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was kr0 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was kr3,649 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was kr9,404 Mil.
Net Income was 266 + 95 + 111 + 133 = kr605 Mil.
Non Operating Income was 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = kr0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 400 + 490 + 429 + 599 = kr1,918 Mil.
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Total Receivables was kr1,801 Mil.
Revenue was 3355 + 3310 + 3235 + 3225 = kr13,125 Mil.
Gross Profit was 3234 + 3191 + 3126 + 3104 = kr12,655 Mil.
Total Current Assets was kr1,819 Mil.
Total Assets was kr18,156 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was kr8,656 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was kr1,276 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was kr0 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was kr3,953 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was kr9,064 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (1774 / 13969) | / | (1801 / 13125) |
| = | 0.126995 | / | 0.137219 |
| | = | 0.9255 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (12655 / 13125) | / | (13490 / 13969) |
| = | 0.96419 | / | 0.96571 |
| | = | 0.9984 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (1819 + 8737) / 18176) | / | (1 - (1819 + 8656) / 18156) |
| = | 0.419234 | / | 0.423056 |
| | = | 0.991 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 13969 | / | 13125 |
| | = | 1.0643 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (1276 / (1276 + 8656)) | / | (1349 / (1349 + 8737)) |
| = | 0.128474 | / | 0.13375 |
| | = | 0.9606 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (0 / 13969) | / | (0 / 13125) |
| = | 0 | / | 0 |
| | = | 1 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((9404 + 3649) / 18176) | / | ((9064 + 3953) / 18156) |
| = | 0.718145 | / | 0.716953 |
| | = | 1.0017 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (605 - 0 | - | 1918) | / | 18176 |
| | = | -0.072238 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Ambea AB has a M-score of -2.84 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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