ManpowerGroup Greater China Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for ManpowerGroup Greater China's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
ManpowerGroup Greater China Beneish M-Score Chart
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ManpowerGroup Greater China Annual Data
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Trend |
Dec16 |
Dec17 |
Dec18 |
Dec19 |
Dec20 |
Dec21 |
Dec22 |
Dec23 |
Dec24 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.70 |
-2.03 |
-2.76 |
-2.05 |
-2.00 |
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ManpowerGroup Greater China Semi-Annual Data
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Dec16 |
Dec17 |
Jun18 |
Dec18 |
Jun19 |
Dec19 |
Jun20 |
Dec20 |
Jun21 |
Dec21 |
Jun22 |
Dec22 |
Jun23 |
Dec23 |
Jun24 |
Dec24 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.76 |
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-2.05 |
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-2.00 |
Competitive Comparison of ManpowerGroup Greater China's Beneish M-Score
For the Staffing & Employment Services subindustry, ManpowerGroup Greater China's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
ManpowerGroup Greater China's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Business Services Industry
For the Business Services industry and Industrials sector, ManpowerGroup Greater China's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where ManpowerGroup Greater China's Beneish M-Score falls into.
ManpowerGroup Greater China Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of ManpowerGroup Greater China for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 1.2489 | + | 0.528 * 1.1996 | + | 0.404 * 0.8379 | + | 0.892 * 1.1541 | + | 0.115 * 0.9973 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 0.8004 | + | 4.679 * 0.019578 | - | 0.327 * 1.1571 |
| = | -2.00 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Dec24) TTM: | Last Year (Dec23) TTM: |
Total Receivables was HK$1,406 Mil.
Revenue was HK$6,695 Mil.
Gross Profit was HK$655 Mil.
Total Current Assets was HK$2,399 Mil.
Total Assets was HK$2,725 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was HK$49 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was HK$39 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was HK$466 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was HK$1,204 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was HK$21 Mil.
Net Income was HK$139 Mil.
Gross Profit was HK$0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was HK$85 Mil.
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Total Receivables was HK$975 Mil.
Revenue was HK$5,801 Mil.
Gross Profit was HK$681 Mil.
Total Current Assets was HK$1,999 Mil.
Total Assets was HK$2,338 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was HK$56 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was HK$44 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was HK$504 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was HK$893 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was HK$16 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (1405.934 / 6694.878) | / | (975.456 / 5800.957) |
| = | 0.210001 | / | 0.168154 |
| | = | 1.2489 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (680.964 / 5800.957) | / | (655.153 / 6694.878) |
| = | 0.117388 | / | 0.097859 |
| | = | 1.1996 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (2399.454 + 48.797) / 2724.826) | / | (1 - (1998.544 + 56.286) / 2338.073) |
| = | 0.101502 | / | 0.121144 |
| | = | 0.8379 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 6694.878 | / | 5800.957 |
| | = | 1.1541 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (44.38 / (44.38 + 56.286)) | / | (38.659 / (38.659 + 48.797)) |
| = | 0.440864 | / | 0.442039 |
| | = | 0.9973 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (465.541 / 6694.878) | / | (503.982 / 5800.957) |
| = | 0.069537 | / | 0.086879 |
| | = | 0.8004 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((20.932 + 1204.365) / 2724.826) | / | ((15.933 + 892.665) / 2338.073) |
| = | 0.449679 | / | 0.38861 |
| | = | 1.1571 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (138.635 - 0 | - | 85.287) | / | 2724.826 |
| | = | 0.019578 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
ManpowerGroup Greater China has a M-score of -2.00 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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