Crayon Group Holding ASA Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for Crayon Group Holding ASA's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Crayon Group Holding ASA Beneish M-Score Chart
|
Crayon Group Holding ASA Annual Data
|
|
Trend |
Dec14 |
Dec15 |
Dec16 |
Dec17 |
Dec18 |
Dec19 |
Dec20 |
Dec21 |
Dec22 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
|
Get a 7-Day Free Trial
|
|
|
-2.24 |
-2.80 |
4.17 |
-2.32 |
-2.78 |
|
Crayon Group Holding ASA Quarterly Data
|
|
Jun19 |
Sep19 |
Dec19 |
Mar20 |
Jun20 |
Sep20 |
Dec20 |
Mar21 |
Jun21 |
Sep21 |
Dec21 |
Mar22 |
Jun22 |
Sep22 |
Dec22 |
Mar23 |
Jun23 |
Sep23 |
Dec23 |
Mar24 |
| Beneish M-Score |
Get a 7-Day Free Trial
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
- |
- |
-2.78 |
- |
Competitive Comparison of Crayon Group Holding ASA's Beneish M-Score
For the Information Technology Services subindustry, Crayon Group Holding ASA's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Crayon Group Holding ASA's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Software Industry
For the Software industry and Technology sector, Crayon Group Holding ASA's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Crayon Group Holding ASA's Beneish M-Score falls into.
Crayon Group Holding ASA Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Crayon Group Holding ASA for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 0.9791 | + | 0.528 * 0.9769 | + | 0.404 * 0.9259 | + | 0.892 * 1.2302 | + | 0.115 * 1.1992 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 1.1322 | + | 4.679 * -0.09236 | - | 0.327 * 1.0346 |
| = | -2.78 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Dec23) TTM: | Last Year (Dec22) TTM: |
Total Receivables was kr9,951 Mil.
Revenue was kr6,397 Mil.
Gross Profit was kr5,662 Mil.
Total Current Assets was kr11,656 Mil.
Total Assets was kr16,544 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was kr650 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was kr303 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was kr117 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was kr11,636 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was kr2,280 Mil.
Net Income was kr-115 Mil.
Gross Profit was kr0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was kr1,413 Mil.
|
Total Receivables was kr8,262 Mil.
Revenue was kr5,200 Mil.
Gross Profit was kr4,496 Mil.
Total Current Assets was kr10,187 Mil.
Total Assets was kr14,833 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was kr542 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was kr334 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was kr84 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was kr8,972 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was kr3,088 Mil.
|
1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (9951 / 6397) | / | (8262 / 5200) |
| = | 1.555573 | / | 1.588846 |
| | = | 0.9791 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (4496 / 5200) | / | (5662 / 6397) |
| = | 0.864615 | / | 0.885102 |
| | = | 0.9769 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (11656 + 650) / 16544) | / | (1 - (10187 + 542) / 14833) |
| = | 0.256165 | / | 0.27668 |
| | = | 0.9259 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 6397 | / | 5200 |
| | = | 1.2302 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (334 / (334 + 542)) | / | (303 / (303 + 650)) |
| = | 0.381279 | / | 0.317943 |
| | = | 1.1992 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (117 / 6397) | / | (84 / 5200) |
| = | 0.01829 | / | 0.016154 |
| | = | 1.1322 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((2280 + 11636) / 16544) | / | ((3088 + 8972) / 14833) |
| = | 0.841151 | / | 0.813052 |
| | = | 1.0346 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (-115 - 0 | - | 1413) | / | 16544 |
| | = | -0.09236 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Crayon Group Holding ASA has a M-score of -2.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
Quick Browse
Personalize
Premium Gurus 
Create New Portfolio
Portfolio Contest
OSL:CRAYN has been successfully added to your