PZAKY (Powszechny Zaklad Ubezpieczen) Beneish M-Score: -2.38 (As of Jun. 30, 2026)


PZAKY Powszechny Zaklad Ubezpieczen SA PZAKY
88 GF Score
Price $17.93
GF Value $16.65
Valuation Fairly Valued
! 8 Warning Signs
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What is Powszechny Zaklad Ubezpieczen Beneish M-Score?

Powszechny Zaklad Ubezpieczen PZAKY -4.58% 88 Beneish M-Score is -2.38 as of Jun. 30, 2026. GuruFocus rates PZAKY with a GF Score™ of 88/100 and a GF Value™ of $16.65 (Fairly Valued). The stock has 8 warning signs investors should review. Among 402 Insurance companies, Powszechny Zaklad Ubezpieczen ranks worse than 65.67% on this metric.

Note: Financial institutions were excluded from the sample in Beneish paper when calculating Beneish M-Score. Thus, the prediction might not fit banks and insurance companies.

The zones of discrimination for M-Score is as such:

An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.

Good Sign:

Beneish M-Score -2.38 no higher than -1.78, which implies that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.

The historical rank and industry rank for Powszechny Zaklad Ubezpieczen's Beneish M-Score or its related term are showing as below:

PZAKY' s Beneish M-Score Range Over the Past 10 Years
Min: -3.07   Med: -2.61   Max: -1.14
Current: -2.38

During the past 13 years, the highest Beneish M-Score of Powszechny Zaklad Ubezpieczen was -1.14. The lowest was -3.07. And the median was -2.61.

PZAKY
88GF Score
Powszechny Zaklad Ubezpieczen SA PZAKY
Beneish M-Score is just one metric. See GF Score™, valuation, warning signs, and more.
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Powszechny Zaklad Ubezpieczen Beneish M-Score Calculation

The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.

The M-Score Variables:

The M-score of Powszechny Zaklad Ubezpieczen for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:

M=-4.84+0.92 * DSRI+0.528 * GMI+0.404 * AQI+0.892 * SGI+0.115 * DEPI
=-4.84+0.92 * 1.2175+0.528 * 1+0.404 * 0.9999+0.892 * 1.0144+0.115 * 1.0706
-0.172 * SGAI+4.679 * TATA-0.327 * LVGI
-0.172 * 1.2913+4.679 * -0.000591-0.327 * 1.1945
=-2.38

* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.

This Year (Mar26) TTM:Last Year (Mar25) TTM:
Total Receivables was $1,450 Mil.
Revenue was 4100.288 + 5998.171 + 3979.459 + 3863.257 = $17,941 Mil.
Gross Profit was 4100.288 + 5998.171 + 3979.459 + 3863.257 = $17,941 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $0 Mil.
Total Assets was $147,886 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $1,248 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $415 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $101 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $0 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $9,891 Mil.
Net Income was 370.651 + 401.13 + 542.913 + 400.041 = $1,715 Mil.
Non Operating Income was 42.453 + -96.881 + 14.151 + -90.622 = $-131 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 603.328 + 2542.848 + -2711.845 + 1498.658 = $1,933 Mil.
 Total Receivables was $1,174 Mil.
Revenue was 4283.708 + 5988.646 + 3835.226 + 3578.057 = $17,686 Mil.
Gross Profit was 4283.708 + 5988.646 + 3835.226 + 3578.057 = $17,686 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $0 Mil.
Total Assets was $138,225 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $1,149 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $419 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $77 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $0 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $7,739 Mil.

1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index

Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.

A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.

DSRI=(Receivables_t / Revenue_t) / (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1)
=(1449.946 / 17941.175) / (1173.999 / 17685.637)
=0.080817 / 0.066381
=1.2175

2. GMI = Gross Margin Index

Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.

Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.

GMI=GrossMargin_t-1 / GrossMargin_t
=(GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) / (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t)
=(17685.637 / 17685.637) / (17941.175 / 17941.175)
=1 / 1
=1

3. AQI = Asset Quality Index

AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.

Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.

AQI=(1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) / (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1)
=(1 - (0 + 1247.748) / 147886.312) / (1 - (0 + 1149.234) / 138225.449)
=0.991563 / 0.991686
=0.9999

4. SGI = Sales Growth Index

Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.

Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.

SGI=Sales_t / Sales_t-1
=Revenue_t / Revenue_t-1
=17941.175 / 17685.637
=1.0144

5. DEPI = Depreciation Index

Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.

DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.

DEPI=(Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) / (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t))
=(419.362 / (419.362 + 1149.234)) / (415.281 / (415.281 + 1247.748))
=0.267349 / 0.249714
=1.0706

Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.

6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index

The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.

SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.

SGAI=(SGA_t / Sales_t) / (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1)
=(101.235 / 17941.175) / (77.287 / 17685.637)
=0.005643 / 0.00437
=1.2913

7. LVGI = Leverage Index

The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.

An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage

LVGI=((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) / ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1)
=((9890.547 + 0) / 147886.312) / ((7739.304 + 0) / 138225.449)
=0.066879 / 0.05599
=1.1945

8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets

Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.

TATA=(IncomefromContinuingOperations_t - CashFlowsfromOperations_t) / TotalAssets_t
=(NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t - CashFlowsfromOperations_t) / TotalAssets_t
=(1714.735 - -130.899 - 1932.989) / 147886.312
=-0.000591

An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.

Powszechny Zaklad Ubezpieczen has a M-score of -2.38 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.

Frequently Asked Questions Learn more about Beneish M-Score →
What does a Beneish M-Score of -2.38 mean?
Powszechny Zaklad Ubezpieczen (PZAKY) has a Beneish M-Score of -2.38 as of Jun. 30, 2026. The Beneish M-score measures the likelihood of earnings manipulation. View historical data on Powszechny Zaklad Ubezpieczen and its competitors. According to the industry distribution chart, Powszechny Zaklad Ubezpieczen ranks #264 out of 402 companies in the Insurance industry, placing it in the top 65.7%.
Is Powszechny Zaklad Ubezpieczen's Beneish M-Score too high?
Powszechny Zaklad Ubezpieczen's current Beneish M-Score is -2.38. Based on the distribution chart, Powszechny Zaklad Ubezpieczen ranks #264 out of 402 companies in the Insurance industry, which is below the industry midpoint. Overall, Powszechny Zaklad Ubezpieczen has a GF Score™ of 88/100 and is considered Fairly Valued, reflecting its overall financial health beyond just this single metric.
How does Powszechny Zaklad Ubezpieczen's Beneish M-Score compare to CB and PGR?
According to the Insurance industry distribution chart, Powszechny Zaklad Ubezpieczen ranks #264 out of 402 companies for Beneish M-Score. This places Powszechny Zaklad Ubezpieczen in the lower half of its industry. See the competitive comparison table and distribution chart on this page for a detailed peer-by-peer breakdown.
What is a good Beneish M-Score for an Insurance company?
A good Beneish M-Score depends on the Insurance industry context. However, Beneish M-Score should not be evaluated in isolation — investors should consider it alongside profitability, growth, and financial strength metrics. Use the industry distribution chart on this page to see where any company falls relative to its peers.
What does a high Beneish M-Score mean?
A high Beneish M-Score can signal that a stock is expensive relative to its fundamentals. The Beneish M-score measures the likelihood of earnings manipulation. View historical data on Powszechny Zaklad Ubezpieczen and its competitors. Powszechny Zaklad Ubezpieczen's current Beneish M-Score is -2.38. However, context matters — high-growth companies often justify higher valuations. Always evaluate alongside other metrics like GF Score™ and GF Value™.
Is Powszechny Zaklad Ubezpieczen stock overvalued right now?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, Powszechny Zaklad Ubezpieczen (PZAKY) is currently considered Fairly Valued. The stock's GF Value™ is $16.65, compared to a current price of $17.93 — trading 7.7% above its estimated fair value. The current Beneish M-Score is -2.38. Powszechny Zaklad Ubezpieczen's overall GF Score™ is 88/100 with 8 warning signs to review. Investors should evaluate multiple metrics — including profitability, growth, and financial strength — before making a decision.
How is Beneish M-Score calculated?
Beneish M-Score is calculated from a company's financial statements. For Powszechny Zaklad Ubezpieczen (PZAKY), the current Beneish M-Score is -2.38 as of Jun. 30, 2026. GuruFocus calculates this using data sourced from SEC filings and annual reports. See the calculation section and 30-year financial data on this page for the full breakdown.

Is Powszechny Zaklad Ubezpieczen (PZAKY) Overvalued in 2026?

Based on GuruFocus' analysis, Powszechny Zaklad Ubezpieczen stock appears to be overvalued. The current stock price of $17.93 is trading 7.7% above its estimated GF Value™ of $16.65. GuruFocus considers Powszechny Zaklad Ubezpieczen to be Fairly Valued.

Key valuation signals for PZAKY:

  • Beneish M-Score: -2.38
  • GF Value™: $16.65 vs. price of $17.93 (7.7% above fair value)
  • GF Score™: 88/100 with 8 warning signs

No single metric tells the full story. See the PZAKY stock analysis page for a complete view including 30-year financials, guru trades, and insider activity.

Powszechny Zaklad Ubezpieczen Business Description

Other Exchanges PZU:Poland7PZ:Germany
Address Al. Jana Pawla II 24, Warsaw, POL, 00-133
Powszechny Zaklad Ubezpieczen SA is a property and casualty insurance company that operates in the Central and Eastern European region with an emphasis on the Polish market. The company's main strategic objectives include stable financial results, broad growth, and innovation. The vast majority of Powszechny's revenue is generated from gross written premiums, followed by results of its investment activities. The company serves clients through its own agency network along with sales through external agency centers.
88GF Score

Get the complete analysis for PZAKY

Beneish M-Score is just one metric. See GF Value™, 30-year financials, guru trades, warning signs, and more.

$17.93
Price
$16.65
GF Value