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Purebread Brands (TSXV:BRED) Beneish M-Score : -3.00 (As of Apr. 07, 2025)


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What is Purebread Brands Beneish M-Score?

The zones of discrimination for M-Score is as such:

An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.

Good Sign:

Beneish M-Score -3 no higher than -1.78, which implies that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.

The historical rank and industry rank for Purebread Brands's Beneish M-Score or its related term are showing as below:

TSXV:BRED' s Beneish M-Score Range Over the Past 10 Years
Min: -3.12   Med: 1.59   Max: 7.62
Current: -3

During the past 3 years, the highest Beneish M-Score of Purebread Brands was 7.62. The lowest was -3.12. And the median was 1.59.


Purebread Brands Beneish M-Score Historical Data

The historical data trend for Purebread Brands's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:

* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.

* Premium members only.

Purebread Brands Beneish M-Score Chart

Purebread Brands Annual Data
Trend Mar22 Mar23 Mar24
Beneish M-Score
- - 5.00

Purebread Brands Quarterly Data
Jun21 Sep21 Dec21 Mar22 Jun22 Sep22 Dec22 Mar23 Jun23 Sep23 Dec23 Mar24 Jun24 Sep24 Dec24
Beneish M-Score Get a 7-Day Free Trial Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only 2.80 5.00 7.62 -1.24 -3.00

Competitive Comparison of Purebread Brands's Beneish M-Score

For the Restaurants subindustry, Purebread Brands's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:

* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.


Purebread Brands's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Restaurants Industry

For the Restaurants industry and Consumer Cyclical sector, Purebread Brands's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:

* The bar in red indicates where Purebread Brands's Beneish M-Score falls into.


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Purebread Brands Beneish M-Score Calculation

The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.

The M-Score Variables:

The M-score of Purebread Brands for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:

M=-4.84+0.92 * DSRI+0.528 * GMI+0.404 * AQI+0.892 * SGI+0.115 * DEPI
=-4.84+0.92 * 0.1642+0.528 * 1.4288+0.404 * 1.1852+0.892 * 2.2566+0.115 * 0.7638
-0.172 * SGAI+4.679 * TATA-0.327 * LVGI
-0.172 * 0.4321+4.679 * -0.254966-0.327 * 1.1525
=-3.00

* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.

This Year (Dec24) TTM:Last Year (Dec23) TTM:
Total Receivables was C$0.05 Mil.
Revenue was 3.737 + 4.703 + 4.036 + 3.961 = C$16.44 Mil.
Gross Profit was 2.308 + 2.992 + 2.458 + 1.595 = C$9.35 Mil.
Total Current Assets was C$1.41 Mil.
Total Assets was C$28.34 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was C$14.85 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was C$2.16 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was C$6.16 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was C$21.82 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was C$12.61 Mil.
Net Income was -1.541 + -1.067 + -1.906 + -2.928 = C$-7.44 Mil.
Non Operating Income was -0.478 + 0 + 0 + -0.033 = C$-0.51 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 0.439 + 0.974 + -0.075 + -1.043 = C$0.30 Mil.
Total Receivables was C$0.14 Mil.
Revenue was 4.13 + 1.634 + 0.892 + 0.628 = C$7.28 Mil.
Gross Profit was 3.246 + 1.349 + 0.791 + 0.536 = C$5.92 Mil.
Total Current Assets was C$1.38 Mil.
Total Assets was C$28.95 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was C$17.15 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was C$1.84 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was C$6.31 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was C$10.71 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was C$19.82 Mil.




1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index

Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.

A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.

DSRI=(Receivables_t / Revenue_t) / (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1)
=(0.053 / 16.437) / (0.143 / 7.284)
=0.003224 / 0.019632
=0.1642

2. GMI = Gross Margin Index

Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.

Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.

GMI=GrossMargin_t-1 / GrossMargin_t
=(GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) / (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t)
=(5.922 / 7.284) / (9.353 / 16.437)
=0.813015 / 0.569021
=1.4288

3. AQI = Asset Quality Index

AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.

Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.

AQI=(1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) / (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1)
=(1 - (1.407 + 14.853) / 28.341) / (1 - (1.383 + 17.154) / 28.949)
=0.426273 / 0.359667
=1.1852

4. SGI = Sales Growth Index

Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.

Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.

SGI=Sales_t / Sales_t-1
=Revenue_t / Revenue_t-1
=16.437 / 7.284
=2.2566

5. DEPI = Depreciation Index

Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.

DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.

DEPI=(Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) / (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t))
=(1.842 / (1.842 + 17.154)) / (2.16 / (2.16 + 14.853))
=0.096968 / 0.126962
=0.7638

Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.

6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index

The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.

SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.

SGAI=(SGA_t / Sales_t) / (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1)
=(6.156 / 16.437) / (6.314 / 7.284)
=0.374521 / 0.866831
=0.4321

7. LVGI = Leverage Index

The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.

An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage

LVGI=((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) / ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1)
=((12.614 + 21.822) / 28.341) / ((19.816 + 10.705) / 28.949)
=1.215059 / 1.054302
=1.1525

8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets

Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.

TATA=(IncomefromContinuingOperations_t - CashFlowsfromOperations_t) / TotalAssets_t
=(NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t - CashFlowsfromOperations_t) / TotalAssets_t
=(-7.442 - -0.511 - 0.295) / 28.341
=-0.254966

An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.

Purebread Brands has a M-score of -3.00 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.


Purebread Brands Beneish M-Score Related Terms

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Purebread Brands Business Description

Traded in Other Exchanges
N/A
Address
1623 Pandora Street, Vancouver, BC, CAN, V5L 3V4
Purebread Brands Inc is a growing force in commercial real estate and food technology, operating fast-casual cafes, bakeries, and shared-kitchen facilities.

Purebread Brands Headlines

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