City & Land Developers (PHS:LAND) Beneish M-Score: -1.11 (As of Jun. 24, 2026)


PHS:LAND City & Land Developers Inc PHS:LAND
57 GF Score
Price ₱0.49
GF Value ₱1.46
Valuation Possible Value Trap
! 5 Warning Signs
View Full Analysis

What is City & Land Developers Beneish M-Score?

City & Land Developers PHS:LAND 57 Beneish M-Score is -1.11 as of Jun. 24, 2026. GuruFocus rates PHS:LAND with a GF Score™ of 57/100 and a GF Value™ of ₱1.46 (Possible Value Trap). The stock has 5 warning signs investors should review. Among 1,681 Real Estate companies, City & Land Developers ranks worse than 83.94% on this metric.

The zones of discrimination for M-Score is as such:

An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.

Warning Sign:

Beneish M-Score -1.11 higher than -1.78, which implies that the company might have manipulated its financial results.

The historical rank and industry rank for City & Land Developers's Beneish M-Score or its related term are showing as below:

PHS:LAND' s Beneish M-Score Range Over the Past 10 Years
Min: -3.96   Med: -1.58   Max: 3.5
Current: -1.11

During the past 13 years, the highest Beneish M-Score of City & Land Developers was 3.50. The lowest was -3.96. And the median was -1.58.

City & Land Developers Beneish M-Score Historical Data

* Premium members only.

The historical data trend for City & Land Developers's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:

* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.

City & Land Developers Beneish M-Score Chart

City & Land Developers Annual Data
Trend Dec16 Dec17 Dec18 Dec19 Dec20 Dec21 Dec22 Dec23 Dec24 Dec25
Beneish M-Score
Get a 7-Day Free Trial Premium Member Only Premium Member Only -1.55 -1.62 -0.20 -2.33 -1.25

City & Land Developers Quarterly Data
Jun21 Sep21 Dec21 Mar22 Jun22 Sep22 Dec22 Mar23 Jun23 Sep23 Dec23 Mar24 Jun24 Sep24 Dec24 Mar25 Jun25 Sep25 Dec25 Mar26
Beneish M-Score Get a 7-Day Free Trial Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only -2.68 -1.33 -1.26 -1.25 -1.11

City & Land Developers Beneish M-Score Competitor Comparison

For the Real Estate - Diversified subindustry, City & Land Developers's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:

* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.

City & Land Developers Beneish M-Score vs Real Estate Industry

For the Real Estate industry and Real Estate sector, City & Land Developers's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:

* The bar in red indicates where City & Land Developers's Beneish M-Score falls into.


PHS:LAND
57GF Score
City & Land Developers Inc PHS:LAND
Beneish M-Score is just one metric. See GF Score™, valuation, warning signs, and more.
View Full Analysis

City & Land Developers Beneish M-Score Calculation

The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.

The M-Score Variables:

The M-score of City & Land Developers for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:

M=-4.84+0.92 * DSRI+0.528 * GMI+0.404 * AQI+0.892 * SGI+0.115 * DEPI
=-4.84+0.92 * 0.8305+0.528 * 0.8757+0.404 * 1.006+0.892 * 2.4575+0.115 * 1
-0.172 * SGAI+4.679 * TATA-0.327 * LVGI
-0.172 * 0.8131+4.679 * 0.083104-0.327 * 1.401
=-1.11

* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.

This Year (Mar26) TTM:Last Year (Mar25) TTM:
Total Receivables was ₱317.2 Mil.
Revenue was 284.485 + 215.372 + 229.935 + 186.143 = ₱915.9 Mil.
Gross Profit was 144.887 + 98.452 + 103.828 + 103.488 = ₱450.7 Mil.
Total Current Assets was ₱3,060.8 Mil.
Total Assets was ₱4,426.8 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was ₱0.0 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was ₱0.0 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was ₱27.5 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was ₱1,132.6 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was ₱0.0 Mil.
Net Income was 81.014 + 52.072 + 64.749 + 66.094 = ₱263.9 Mil.
Non Operating Income was 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = ₱0.0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 8.237 + -70.299 + -9.824 + -32.068 = ₱-104.0 Mil.
 Total Receivables was ₱155.4 Mil.
Revenue was 111.647 + 94.224 + 99.722 + 67.112 = ₱372.7 Mil.
Gross Profit was 11.931 + 38.841 + 59.055 + 50.752 = ₱160.6 Mil.
Total Current Assets was ₱2,567.9 Mil.
Total Assets was ₱3,704.2 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was ₱0.0 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was ₱0.0 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was ₱13.8 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was ₱676.4 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was ₱0.0 Mil.

1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index

Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.

A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.

DSRI=(Receivables_t / Revenue_t) / (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1)
=(317.206 / 915.935) / (155.425 / 372.705)
=0.346319 / 0.417019
=0.8305

2. GMI = Gross Margin Index

Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.

Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.

GMI=GrossMargin_t-1 / GrossMargin_t
=(GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) / (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t)
=(160.579 / 372.705) / (450.655 / 915.935)
=0.430847 / 0.492016
=0.8757

3. AQI = Asset Quality Index

AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.

Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.

AQI=(1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) / (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1)
=(1 - (3060.753 + 0) / 4426.784) / (1 - (2567.905 + 0) / 3704.181)
=0.308583 / 0.306755
=1.006

4. SGI = Sales Growth Index

Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.

Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.

SGI=Sales_t / Sales_t-1
=Revenue_t / Revenue_t-1
=915.935 / 372.705
=2.4575

5. DEPI = Depreciation Index

Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.

DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.

DEPI=(Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) / (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t))
=(0 / (0 + 0)) / (0 / (0 + 0))
= /
=1

Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.

6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index

The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.

SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.

SGAI=(SGA_t / Sales_t) / (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1)
=(27.496 / 915.935) / (13.761 / 372.705)
=0.03002 / 0.036922
=0.8131

7. LVGI = Leverage Index

The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.

An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage

LVGI=((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) / ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1)
=((0 + 1132.553) / 4426.784) / ((0 + 676.441) / 3704.181)
=0.255841 / 0.182616
=1.401

8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets

Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.

TATA=(IncomefromContinuingOperations_t - CashFlowsfromOperations_t) / TotalAssets_t
=(NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t - CashFlowsfromOperations_t) / TotalAssets_t
=(263.929 - 0 - -103.954) / 4426.784
=0.083104

An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.

City & Land Developers has a M-score of -1.11 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.

Frequently Asked Questions Learn more about Beneish M-Score →
What does a Beneish M-Score of -1.11 mean?
City & Land Developers (PHS:LAND) has a Beneish M-Score of -1.11 as of Jun. 24, 2026. The Beneish M-score measures the likelihood of earnings manipulation. View historical data on City & Land Developers and its competitors. According to the industry distribution chart, City & Land Developers ranks #1411 out of 1681 companies in the Real Estate industry, placing it in the top 83.9%.
Is City & Land Developers' Beneish M-Score too high?
City & Land Developers' current Beneish M-Score is -1.11. Based on the distribution chart, City & Land Developers ranks #1411 out of 1681 companies in the Real Estate industry, which is in the bottom quartile relative to peers. Overall, City & Land Developers has a GF Score™ of 57/100 and is considered Possible Value Trap, reflecting its overall financial health beyond just this single metric.
How does City & Land Developers' Beneish M-Score compare to competitors?
According to the Real Estate industry distribution chart, City & Land Developers ranks #1411 out of 1681 companies for Beneish M-Score. This places City & Land Developers in the lower half of its industry. See the competitive comparison table and distribution chart on this page for a detailed peer-by-peer breakdown.
What is a good Beneish M-Score for a Real Estate company?
A good Beneish M-Score depends on the Real Estate industry context. However, Beneish M-Score should not be evaluated in isolation — investors should consider it alongside profitability, growth, and financial strength metrics. Use the industry distribution chart on this page to see where any company falls relative to its peers.
What does a high Beneish M-Score mean?
A high Beneish M-Score can signal that a stock is expensive relative to its fundamentals. The Beneish M-score measures the likelihood of earnings manipulation. View historical data on City & Land Developers and its competitors. City & Land Developers's current Beneish M-Score is -1.11. However, context matters — high-growth companies often justify higher valuations. Always evaluate alongside other metrics like GF Score™ and GF Value™.
Is City & Land Developers stock overvalued right now?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, City & Land Developers (PHS:LAND) is currently considered Possible Value Trap. The stock's GF Value™ is ₱1.46, compared to a current price of ₱0.49 — trading 66.8% below its estimated fair value. The current Beneish M-Score is -1.11. City & Land Developers' overall GF Score™ is 57/100 with 5 warning signs to review. Investors should evaluate multiple metrics — including profitability, growth, and financial strength — before making a decision.
How is Beneish M-Score calculated?
Beneish M-Score is calculated from a company's financial statements. For City & Land Developers (PHS:LAND), the current Beneish M-Score is -1.11 as of Jun. 24, 2026. GuruFocus calculates this using data sourced from SEC filings and annual reports. See the calculation section and 30-year financial data on this page for the full breakdown.

Is City & Land Developers (PHS:LAND) Overvalued in 2026?

Based on GuruFocus' analysis, City & Land Developers stock appears to be undervalued. The current stock price of ₱0.49 is trading 66.8% below its estimated GF Value™ of ₱1.46. GuruFocus considers City & Land Developers to be Possible Value Trap.

Key valuation signals for PHS:LAND:

  • Beneish M-Score: -1.11
  • GF Value™: ₱1.46 vs. price of ₱0.49 (66.8% below fair value)
  • GF Score™: 57/100 with 5 warning signs

No single metric tells the full story. See the PHS:LAND stock analysis page for a complete view including 30-year financials, guru trades, and insider activity.

City & Land Developers Business Description

Address 156 H.V. Dela Costa Street, 3rd Floor, City land Condominium 10 Tower 1, Makati, PHL, 1226
City & Land Developers Inc is engaged in acquiring and developing suitable land sites for residential, office, commercial, institutional, and industrial uses. It also focuses on establishing an effective institutional medium. The completed projects of the company are North Residences, Grand Emerald Tower, Manila Residences Bocobo, and many more. Its reportable segments are the Sale of Real Estate Properties and the Lease of Real Estate Properties. Generating, a majority of its revenue from the sale of real estate properties.
57GF Score

Get the complete analysis for PHS:LAND

Beneish M-Score is just one metric. See GF Value™, 30-year financials, guru trades, warning signs, and more.

₱0.49
Price
₱1.46
GF Value