Muthoot Finance Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Muthoot Finance for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 1 | + | 0.528 * 1 | + | 0.404 * 1.038 | + | 0.892 * 0.9686 | + | 0.115 * 1.0415 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 1.475 | + | 4.679 * 0.080056 | - | 0.327 * 0.9733 |
| = | -2.19 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Mar23) TTM: | Last Year (Mar22) TTM: |
Total Receivables was ₹0 Mil.
Revenue was ₹77,112 Mil.
Gross Profit was ₹77,112 Mil.
Total Current Assets was ₹80,738 Mil.
Total Assets was ₹801,489 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was ₹4,089 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was ₹782 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was ₹2,596 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was ₹5,665 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was ₹555,061 Mil.
Net Income was ₹36,123 Mil.
Gross Profit was ₹0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was ₹-28,041 Mil.
|
Total Receivables was ₹0 Mil.
Revenue was ₹79,611 Mil.
Gross Profit was ₹79,611 Mil.
Total Current Assets was ₹102,293 Mil.
Total Assets was ₹763,165 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was ₹3,488 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was ₹700 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was ₹1,817 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was ₹4,946 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was ₹543,621 Mil.
|
1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (0 / 77112.28) | / | (0 / 79611.21) |
| = | 0 | / | 0 |
| | = | 1 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (79611.21 / 79611.21) | / | (77112.28 / 77112.28) |
| = | 1 | / | 1 |
| | = | 1 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (80737.89 + 4088.87) / 801489.2) | / | (1 - (102292.61 + 3488.16) / 763164.74) |
| = | 0.894164 | / | 0.861392 |
| | = | 1.038 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 77112.28 | / | 79611.21 |
| | = | 0.9686 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (700.03 / (700.03 + 3488.16)) | / | (781.61 / (781.61 + 4088.87)) |
| = | 0.167144 | / | 0.160479 |
| | = | 1.0415 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (2596.03 / 77112.28) | / | (1817.16 / 79611.21) |
| = | 0.033666 | / | 0.022825 |
| | = | 1.475 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((555061.32 + 5664.67) / 801489.2) | / | ((543621.21 + 4945.8) / 763164.74) |
| = | 0.699605 | / | 0.718805 |
| | = | 0.9733 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (36122.98 - 0 | - | -28040.67) | / | 801489.2 |
| | = | 0.080056 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Muthoot Finance has a M-score of -2.19 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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