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Unilever Ghana (XGHA:UNIL) Beneish M-Score : -2.10 (As of Mar. 17, 2025)


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What is Unilever Ghana Beneish M-Score?

The zones of discrimination for M-Score is as such:

An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.

Good Sign:

Beneish M-Score -2.1 no higher than -1.78, which implies that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.

The historical rank and industry rank for Unilever Ghana's Beneish M-Score or its related term are showing as below:

XGHA:UNIL' s Beneish M-Score Range Over the Past 10 Years
Min: -3.36   Med: -2.66   Max: -2.02
Current: -2.1

During the past 8 years, the highest Beneish M-Score of Unilever Ghana was -2.02. The lowest was -3.36. And the median was -2.66.


Unilever Ghana Beneish M-Score Historical Data

The historical data trend for Unilever Ghana's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:

* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.

* Premium members only.

Unilever Ghana Beneish M-Score Chart

Unilever Ghana Annual Data
Trend Dec08 Dec09 Dec18 Dec19 Dec20 Dec21 Dec22 Dec23
Beneish M-Score
Get a 7-Day Free Trial - - - -2.02 -3.36

Unilever Ghana Quarterly Data
Dec08 Dec09 Dec18 Dec19 Dec20 Mar21 Jun21 Sep21 Dec21 Mar22 Jun22 Sep22 Dec22 Mar23 Jun23 Sep23 Dec23 Mar24 Jun24 Sep24
Beneish M-Score Get a 7-Day Free Trial Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only -2.66 -3.36 -3.01 -2.66 -2.10

Competitive Comparison of Unilever Ghana's Beneish M-Score

For the Household & Personal Products subindustry, Unilever Ghana's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:

* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.


Unilever Ghana's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Consumer Packaged Goods Industry

For the Consumer Packaged Goods industry and Consumer Defensive sector, Unilever Ghana's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:

* The bar in red indicates where Unilever Ghana's Beneish M-Score falls into.



Unilever Ghana Beneish M-Score Calculation

The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.

The M-Score Variables:

The M-score of Unilever Ghana for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:

M=-4.84+0.92 * DSRI+0.528 * GMI+0.404 * AQI+0.892 * SGI+0.115 * DEPI
=-4.84+0.92 * 1.2141+0.528 * 0.9379+0.404 * 0.0004+0.892 * 1.0508+0.115 * 1
-0.172 * SGAI+4.679 * TATA-0.327 * LVGI
-0.172 * 1.0136+4.679 * 0.10646-0.327 * 0.7599
=-2.10

* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.

This Year (Sep24) TTM:Last Year (Sep23) TTM:
Total Receivables was GHS89.5 Mil.
Revenue was 215.48 + 234.486 + 242.505 + 213.813 = GHS906.3 Mil.
Gross Profit was 69.412 + 96.369 + 107.398 + 78.099 = GHS351.3 Mil.
Total Current Assets was GHS310.2 Mil.
Total Assets was GHS471.7 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was GHS161.6 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was GHS0.0 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was GHS129.4 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was GHS234.9 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was GHS14.3 Mil.
Net Income was -9.772 + 31.881 + 24.26 + 49.49 = GHS95.9 Mil.
Non Operating Income was 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = GHS0.0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was -35.73 + -1.727 + 46.033 + 37.064 = GHS45.6 Mil.
Total Receivables was GHS70.2 Mil.
Revenue was 214.131 + 238.843 + 241.86 + 167.608 = GHS862.4 Mil.
Gross Profit was 81.111 + 94.846 + 84.619 + 52.938 = GHS313.5 Mil.
Total Current Assets was GHS305.3 Mil.
Total Assets was GHS498.4 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was GHS168.9 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was GHS0.0 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was GHS121.5 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was GHS334.6 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was GHS11.8 Mil.




1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index

Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.

A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.

DSRI=(Receivables_t / Revenue_t) / (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1)
=(89.496 / 906.284) / (70.15 / 862.442)
=0.098751 / 0.081339
=1.2141

2. GMI = Gross Margin Index

Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.

Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.

GMI=GrossMargin_t-1 / GrossMargin_t
=(GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) / (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t)
=(313.514 / 862.442) / (351.278 / 906.284)
=0.363519 / 0.387603
=0.9379

3. AQI = Asset Quality Index

AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.

Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.

AQI=(1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) / (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1)
=(1 - (310.156 + 161.552) / 471.718) / (1 - (305.319 + 168.862) / 498.352)
=2.1E-5 / 0.048502
=0.0004

4. SGI = Sales Growth Index

Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.

Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.

SGI=Sales_t / Sales_t-1
=Revenue_t / Revenue_t-1
=906.284 / 862.442
=1.0508

5. DEPI = Depreciation Index

Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.

DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.

DEPI=(Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) / (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t))
=(0 / (0 + 168.862)) / (0 / (0 + 161.552))
=0 / 0
=1

Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.

6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index

The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.

SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.

SGAI=(SGA_t / Sales_t) / (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1)
=(129.4 / 906.284) / (121.492 / 862.442)
=0.142781 / 0.14087
=1.0136

7. LVGI = Leverage Index

The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.

An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage

LVGI=((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) / ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1)
=((14.273 + 234.876) / 471.718) / ((11.775 + 334.594) / 498.352)
=0.528174 / 0.695029
=0.7599

8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets

Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.

TATA=(IncomefromContinuingOperations_t - CashFlowsfromOperations_t) / TotalAssets_t
=(NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t - CashFlowsfromOperations_t) / TotalAssets_t
=(95.859 - 0 - 45.64) / 471.718
=0.10646

An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.

Unilever Ghana has a M-score of -2.10 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.


Unilever Ghana Beneish M-Score Related Terms

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Unilever Ghana Business Description

Traded in Other Exchanges
N/A
Address
Tema Factory, Plot No. Ind/A/2/3A-4, P O Box 721, Tema, GHA
Unilever Ghana PLC is engaged in manufacturing and selling consumer goods. The company offers personal care products, food products and home care products.

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