Ames National Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Ames National for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 1.159 | + | 0.528 * 1 | + | 0.404 * 0.9998 | + | 0.892 * 0.9546 | + | 0.115 * 1.0556 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 1.1124 | + | 4.679 * -0.002783 | - | 0.327 * 0.7958 |
| = | -2.33 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Sep24) TTM: | Last Year (Sep23) TTM: |
Total Receivables was $15.26 Mil.
Revenue was 13.49 + 13.491 + 13.083 + 13.251 = $53.32 Mil.
Gross Profit was 13.49 + 13.491 + 13.083 + 13.251 = $53.32 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $0.00 Mil.
Total Assets was $2,123.17 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $21.86 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $1.70 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $26.05 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $0.00 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $83.10 Mil.
Net Income was 2.217 + 2.184 + 2.304 + 2.139 = $8.84 Mil.
Non Operating Income was 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = $0.00 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 3.099 + 3.892 + 1.368 + 6.393 = $14.75 Mil.
|
Total Receivables was $13.79 Mil.
Revenue was 13.049 + 13.617 + 13.923 + 15.262 = $55.85 Mil.
Gross Profit was 13.049 + 13.617 + 13.923 + 15.262 = $55.85 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $0.00 Mil.
Total Assets was $2,154.05 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $21.83 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $1.80 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $24.53 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $0.00 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $105.94 Mil.
|
1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (15.261 / 53.315) | / | (13.794 / 55.851) |
| = | 0.286242 | / | 0.246979 |
| | = | 1.159 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (55.851 / 55.851) | / | (53.315 / 53.315) |
| = | 1 | / | 1 |
| | = | 1 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (0 + 21.858) / 2123.173) | / | (1 - (0 + 21.828) / 2154.051) |
| = | 0.989705 | / | 0.989867 |
| | = | 0.9998 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 53.315 | / | 55.851 |
| | = | 0.9546 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (1.802 / (1.802 + 21.828)) | / | (1.702 / (1.702 + 21.858)) |
| = | 0.076259 | / | 0.072241 |
| | = | 1.0556 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (26.048 / 53.315) | / | (24.529 / 55.851) |
| = | 0.488568 | / | 0.439186 |
| | = | 1.1124 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((83.101 + 0) / 2123.173) | / | ((105.942 + 0) / 2154.051) |
| = | 0.03914 | / | 0.049183 |
| | = | 0.7958 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (8.844 - 0 | - | 14.752) | / | 2123.173 |
| | = | -0.002783 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Ames National has a M-score of -2.33 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
Quick Browse
Personalize
Premium Gurus 
Create New Portfolio
Portfolio Contest
ATLO has been successfully added to your