Axos Financial Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Axos Financial for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 0.7368 | + | 0.528 * 1 | + | 0.404 * 1.0291 | + | 0.892 * 1.3237 | + | 0.115 * 1 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 0.8507 | + | 4.679 * 0.011267 | - | 0.327 * 0.8109 |
| = | -2.28 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Dec23) TTM: | Last Year (Dec22) TTM: |
Total Receivables was $266 Mil.
Revenue was 346.787 + 241.65 + 232.95 + 227.872 = $1,049 Mil.
Gross Profit was 346.787 + 241.65 + 232.95 + 227.872 = $1,049 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $2,074 Mil.
Total Assets was $21,624 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $0 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $24 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $315 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $369 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $431 Mil.
Net Income was 151.771 + 82.645 + 87.356 + 79.85 = $402 Mil.
Non Operating Income was 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = $0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 113.224 + 33.87 + 68.712 + -57.829 = $158 Mil.
|
Total Receivables was $273 Mil.
Revenue was 224.5 + 204.854 + 188.57 + 174.751 = $793 Mil.
Gross Profit was 224.5 + 204.854 + 188.57 + 174.751 = $793 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $2,276 Mil.
Total Assets was $18,741 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $0 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $20 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $280 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $421 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $434 Mil.
|
1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (265.857 / 1049.259) | / | (272.579 / 792.675) |
| = | 0.253376 | / | 0.343872 |
| | = | 0.7368 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (792.675 / 792.675) | / | (1049.259 / 1049.259) |
| = | 1 | / | 1 |
| | = | 1 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (2074.437 + 0) / 21623.764) | / | (1 - (2276.244 + 0) / 18741.035) |
| = | 0.904067 | / | 0.878542 |
| | = | 1.0291 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 1049.259 | / | 792.675 |
| | = | 1.3237 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (20.132 / (20.132 + 0)) | / | (24.335 / (24.335 + 0)) |
| = | 1 | / | 1 |
| | = | 1 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (314.735 / 1049.259) | / | (279.506 / 792.675) |
| = | 0.299959 | / | 0.352611 |
| | = | 0.8507 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((431.086 + 368.885) / 21623.764) | / | ((434.077 + 420.947) / 18741.035) |
| = | 0.036995 | / | 0.045623 |
| | = | 0.8109 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (401.622 - 0 | - | 157.977) | / | 21623.764 |
| | = | 0.011267 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Axos Financial has a M-score of -2.28 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
Quick Browse
Personalize
Premium Gurus 
Create New Portfolio
Portfolio Contest
AX has been successfully added to your