Focused on building reliable datasets, financial models, and research tools for value-minded investors. Committed to turning complex data into practical guidance for value-investing and long-term wealth.
Dr. Charlie Tian is the founder and CEO of GuruFocus.com, a leading global investment research platform established in 2004. With a Ph.D. in physics, Dr. Tian transitioned from science to finance, applying a data-driven, disciplined approach to value investing.
Credit AcceptanceFRA:2D5 -1.85%73 Piotroski F-Score is 8 as of Jul. 16, 2026, which is 33% above its 10-year median of 6.00. GuruFocus rates FRA:2D5 with a GF Score™ of 73/100 and a GF Value™ of €523.89. The stock has 11 warning signs investors should review. Among 533 Credit Services companies, Credit Acceptance ranks better than 98.12% on this metric.
Good Sign:
Piotroski F-Score is 8, indicates a very healthy situation.
The zones of discrimination were as such:
Good or high score = 7, 8, 9
Bad or low score = 0, 1, 2, 3
Credit Acceptance has an F-score of 8. It is a good or high score, which usually indicates a very healthy situation.
The historical rank and industry rank for Credit Acceptance's Piotroski F-Score or its related term are showing as below:
FRA:2D5'
s Piotroski F-Score Range Over the Past 10 Years
Min: 4 Med: 6 Max: 9
Current: 8
During the past 13 years, the highest Piotroski F-Score of Credit Acceptance was 9. The lowest was 4. And the median was 6.
The developer of the system is Joseph D. Piotroski is relatively unknown accounting professor who shuns publicity and rarely gives interviews.
He graduated from the University of Illinois with a B.S. in accounting in 1989, received an M.B.A. from Indiana University in 1994. Five years later, in 1999, after earning a Ph.D. in accounting from the University of Michigan, he became an associate professor of accounting at the University of Chicago.
He wanted to see if he can develop a system (using a simple nine-point scoring system) that can increase the returns of a strategy of investing in low price to book (referred to in the paper as high book to market) value companies.
What he found was something that exceeded his most optimistic expectations.
Buying only those companies that scored highest (8 or 9) on his nine-point scale, or F-Score as he called it, over the 20 year period from 1976 to 1996 led to an average out-performance over the market of 13.4%.
Even more impressive were the results of a strategy of investing in the highest F-Score companies (8 or 9) and shorting companies with the lowest F-Score (0 or 1).
Over the same period from 1976 to 1996 (20 years) this strategy led to an average yearly return of 23%, substantially outperforming the average S&P 500 index return of 15.83% over the same period.
Credit Acceptance Piotroski F-Score Related Terms
Credit Acceptance Piotroski F-Score Historical Data
* Premium members only.
The historical data trend for Credit Acceptance's Piotroski F-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
FRA:2D5 vs OMF, ENVA, SEZL: Piotroski F-Score Comparison
For the Credit Services subindustry, Credit Acceptance's Piotroski F-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Piotroski F-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Credit Acceptance Piotroski F-Score vs Credit Services Industry
For the Credit Services industry and Financial Services sector, Credit Acceptance's Piotroski F-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Credit Acceptance's Piotroski F-Score falls into.
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
*Note: If the latest quarterly/semi-annual/annual total assets data is 0, then we will use previous quarterly/semi-annual/annual data for all the items in the balance sheet.
Profitability
Question 1. Return on Assets (ROA)
Net income before extraordinary items for the year divided by Total Assets at the beginning of the year.
Score 1 if positive, 0 if negative.
Credit Acceptance's current Net Income (TTM) was 390.
==> Positive ==> Score 1.
Question 2. Cash Flow Return on Assets (CFROA)
Net cash flow from operating activities (operating cash flow) divided by Total Assets at the beginning of the year.
Credit Acceptance's return on assets of this year was 0.0454966. Credit Acceptance's return on assets of last year was 0.03633055.
==> This year is higher. ==> Score 1.
Question 4. Quality of Earnings (Accrual)
Compare Cash flow return on assets (2) to return on assets (1)
Credit Acceptance's gearing of this year was 0.72214102. Credit Acceptance's gearing of last year was 0.77602864.
==> This year is lower or equal to last year. ==> Score 1.
Question 6. Change in Working Capital (Liquidity)
Compare this year's current ratio (current assets divided by current liabilities) to last year's current ratio.
Score 1 if this year's current ratio is higher, 0 if it's lower
Credit Acceptance's current ratio of this year was 20.57310834. Credit Acceptance's current ratio of last year was 17.50076672.
==> This year's current ratio is higher. ==> Score 1.
Question 7. Change in Shares in Issue
Compare the number of shares in issue this year, to the number in issue last year.
Score 0 if there is larger number of shares in issue this year, 1 otherwise.
Credit Acceptance's number of shares in issue this year was 10.954. Credit Acceptance's number of shares in issue last year was 12.279.
==> There is smaller number of shares in issue this year, or the same. ==> Score 1.
Efficiency
Question 8. Change in Gross Margin
Compare this year's gross margin (Gross Profit divided by sales) to last year's.
Score 1 if this year's gross margin is higher, 0 if it's lower.
Credit Acceptance's gross margin of this year was 0.6239236. Credit Acceptance's gross margin of last year was 0.62029583.
==> This year's gross margin is higher. ==> Score 1.
Question 9. Change in asset turnover
Compare this year's asset turnover (total sales for the year divided by total assets at the beginning of the year) to last year's asset turnover ratio.
Score 1 if this year's asset turnover ratio is higher, 0 if it's lower
Credit Acceptance's asset turnover of this year was 0.23088216. Credit Acceptance's asset turnover of last year was 0.27332896.
==> Last year's asset turnover is higher ==> Score 0.
Evaluation
Piotroski F-Score
=
Que. 1
+
Que. 2
+
Que. 3
+
Que. 4
+
Que. 5
+
Que. 6
+
Que. 7
+
Que. 8
+
Que. 9
=
1
+
1
+
1
+
1
+
1
+
1
+
1
+
1
+
0
=
8
Good or high score = 7, 8, 9
Bad or low score = 0, 1, 2, 3
Credit Acceptance has an F-score of 8. It is a good or high score, which usually indicates a very healthy situation.
Credit Acceptance (FRA:2D5) has a Piotroski F-Score of 8 as of Jul. 16, 2026. The Piotroski F-score grades a company's business operating strength from 0-9. View historical data on Credit Acceptance and its competitors. This is 33% above median its historical median of 6.00. Over the past decade, Credit Acceptance's Piotroski F-Score has ranged from 4.00 to 9.00. According to the industry distribution chart, Credit Acceptance ranks #10 out of 533 companies in the Credit Services industry, placing it in the top 1.9%.
Is Credit Acceptance's Piotroski F-Score too high?
Credit Acceptance's current Piotroski F-Score of 8 is 33% above median its 10-year median of 6.00. Over the past 10 years, this metric has ranged from a low of 4.00 to a high of 9.00. The Credit Services industry median Piotroski F-Score is 5.00. Credit Acceptance's value of 8 is 60% above this industry median. Based on the distribution chart, Credit Acceptance ranks #10 out of 533 companies in the Credit Services industry, which is in the top quartile — a strong position relative to peers. Overall, Credit Acceptance has a GF Score™ of 73/100, reflecting its overall financial health beyond just this single metric.
How does Credit Acceptance's Piotroski F-Score compare to OMF and ENVA?
According to the Credit Services industry distribution chart, Credit Acceptance ranks #10 out of 533 companies for Piotroski F-Score. This places Credit Acceptance in the top 2% of its industry — outperforming the majority of peers. The industry median Piotroski F-Score is 5.00. Credit Acceptance's value of 8 is 60% above this benchmark. Historically, Credit Acceptance's own Piotroski F-Score has ranged from 4.00 to 9.00 over the past decade. While the company's 10-year median is 6.00 vs. the industry median of 5.00, Credit Acceptance has consistently been above the industry average. See the competitive comparison table and distribution chart on this page for a detailed peer-by-peer breakdown.
What is a good Piotroski F-Score for a Credit Services company?
The median Piotroski F-Score among Credit Services companies is 5.00, based on 533 companies in the industry. Companies in the top quartile (top 25%) have a Piotroski F-Score significantly above this median, while those in the bottom quartile fall well below. However, Piotroski F-Score should not be evaluated in isolation — investors should consider it alongside profitability, growth, and financial strength metrics. Credit Acceptance's current Piotroski F-Score of 8 is 60% above the industry median. Use the industry distribution chart on this page to see where any company falls relative to its peers.
What does a high Piotroski F-Score mean?
A high Piotroski F-Score can signal that a stock is expensive relative to its fundamentals. The Piotroski F-score grades a company's business operating strength from 0-9. View historical data on Credit Acceptance and its competitors. For the Credit Services industry, the median Piotroski F-Score is 5.00 — values significantly above this may indicate overvaluation, while values below may suggest a bargain or underlying issues. Credit Acceptance's current Piotroski F-Score is 8, which is 33% above median its own 10-year median of 6.00. However, context matters — high-growth companies often justify higher valuations. Always evaluate alongside other metrics like GF Score™ and GF Value™.
Is Credit Acceptance stock overvalued right now?
Credit Acceptance (FRA:2D5) has a current Piotroski F-Score of 8. The stock's GF Value™ is €523.89, compared to a current price of €530.00 — trading 1.2% above its estimated fair value. The current Piotroski F-Score is 8, which is 33% above median its 10-year median of 6.00 and 60% above the Credit Services industry median of 5.00. Credit Acceptance's overall GF Score™ is 73/100 with 11 warning signs to review. Investors should evaluate multiple metrics — including profitability, growth, and financial strength — before making a decision.
How is Piotroski F-Score calculated?
Piotroski F-Score is calculated from a company's financial statements. For Credit Acceptance (FRA:2D5), the current Piotroski F-Score is 8 as of Jul. 16, 2026. GuruFocus calculates this using data sourced from SEC filings and annual reports. See the calculation section and 30-year financial data on this page for the full breakdown.
Is Credit Acceptance (FRA:2D5) Overvalued in 2026?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, Credit Acceptance stock appears to be overvalued.
The current stock price of €530.00 is trading 1.2% above its estimated GF Value™ of €523.89.
Key valuation signals for FRA:2D5:
Piotroski F-Score: 8 (33% above median its 10-year median of 6.00)
GF Value™: €523.89 vs. price of €530.00 (1.2% above fair value)
Industry Position: 60% above the Credit Services median (#10 of 533)
No single metric tells the full story. See the FRA:2D5 stock analysis page for a complete view including 30-year financials, guru trades, and insider activity.
Credit Acceptance Corp is a consumer finance company that specializes in automobile loans. These loans are offered through a U.S. nationwide network of automobile dealers that benefit from sales of vehicles to consumers who could otherwise not obtain financing. The company also benefits from repeat and referral sales, and from sales to customers responding to advertisements for financing, but qualify for traditional financing. The company derives its revenue from finance charges, premiums earned on the reinsurance of vehicle service contracts, and other fees. Of these, financing charges, including servicing fees, are by far a source of revenue.
73GF Score
Get the complete analysis for FRA:2D5
Piotroski F-Score is just one metric. See GF Value™, 30-year financials, guru trades, warning signs, and more.
Quick Browse
Personalize
Premium Gurus 
Create New Portfolio
FRA:2D5 has been successfully added to your 
