PBCO (PBCO Financial) Beneish M-Score : -2.88 (As of Mar. 04, 2025)

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What is PBCO Financial Beneish M-Score?

Note: Financial institutions were excluded from the sample in Beneish paper when calculating Beneish M-Score. Thus, the prediction might not fit banks and insurance companies.

The zones of discrimination for M-Score is as such:

An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.

Good Sign:

Beneish M-Score -2.88 no higher than -1.78, which implies that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.

The historical rank and industry rank for PBCO Financial's Beneish M-Score or its related term are showing as below:

PBCO' s Beneish M-Score Range Over the Past 10 Years
Min: -13.63 Med: -2.59 Max: -1.73
Current: -2.88

During the past 12 years, the highest Beneish M-Score of PBCO Financial was -1.73. The lowest was -13.63. And the median was -2.59.

PBCO Financial Beneish M-Score Calculation

The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.

The M-Score Variables:

The M-score of PBCO Financial for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:

-4.84

0.92 * DSRI

0.528 * GMI

0.404 * AQI

0.892 * SGI

0.115 * DEPI

-4.84

0.92 * 1.167

0.528 * 1

0.404 * 0.9952

0.892 * 0.6837

0.115 * 1.001

0.172 * SGAI

4.679 * TATA

0.327 * LVGI

0.172 * 1.3182

4.679 * -0.010536

0.327 * 1.5217

-2.88

* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.

This Year (Dec23) TTM:

Last Year (Dec22) TTM:

Total Receivables was $17.28 Mil.
Revenue was $25.83 Mil.
Gross Profit was $25.83 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $0.00 Mil.
Total Assets was $763.35 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $30.02 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $1.82 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $1.18 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $0.00 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $49.76 Mil.
Net Income was $0.98 Mil.
Gross Profit was $0.00 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was $9.02 Mil.

Total Receivables was $21.66 Mil.
Revenue was $37.78 Mil.
Gross Profit was $37.78 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $0.00 Mil.
Total Assets was $804.25 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $27.93 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $1.70 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $1.31 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $0.00 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $34.45 Mil.

1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index

Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.

A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.

DSRI	=	(Receivables_t / Revenue_t)	/	(Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1)
	=	(17.282 / 25.829)	/	(21.66 / 37.779)
	=	0.669093	/	0.573334
	=	1.167

2. GMI = Gross Margin Index

Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.

Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.

GMI	=	GrossMargin_t-1	/	GrossMargin_t
	=	(GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1)	/	(GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t)
	=	(37.779 / 37.779)	/	(25.829 / 25.829)
	=	1	/	1
	=	1

3. AQI = Asset Quality Index

AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.

Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.

AQI	=	(1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t)	/	(1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1)
	=	(1 - (0 + 30.023) / 763.353)	/	(1 - (0 + 27.933) / 804.25)
	=	0.96067	/	0.965268
	=	0.9952

4. SGI = Sales Growth Index

Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.

Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.

SGI	=	Sales_t	/	Sales_t-1
	=	Revenue_t	/	Revenue_t-1
	=	25.829	/	37.779
	=	0.6837

5. DEPI = Depreciation Index

Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.

DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.

DEPI	=	(Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1))	/	(Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t))
	=	(1.696 / (1.696 + 27.933))	/	(1.821 / (1.821 + 30.023))
	=	0.057241	/	0.057185
	=	1.001

Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.

6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index

The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.

SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.

SGAI	=	(SGA_t / Sales_t)	/	(SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1)
	=	(1.177 / 25.829)	/	(1.306 / 37.779)
	=	0.045569	/	0.034569
	=	1.3182

7. LVGI = Leverage Index

The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.

An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage

LVGI	=	((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t)	/	((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1)
	=	((49.756 + 0) / 763.353)	/	((34.449 + 0) / 804.25)
	=	0.065181	/	0.042834
	=	1.5217

8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets

Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.

TATA	=	(IncomefromContinuingOperations_t	-	CashFlowsfromOperations_t)	/	TotalAssets_t
	=	(NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t	-	CashFlowsfromOperations_t)	/	TotalAssets_t
	=	(0.979 - 0	-	9.022)	/	763.353
	=	-0.010536

An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.

PBCO Financial has a M-score of -2.88 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.

PBCO Financial Beneish M-Score Related Terms

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PBCO Financial Business Description

Industry

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Comparable Companies

Traded in Other Exchanges

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Address

1528 Biddle Raod, Medford, OR, USA, 97504

Website

https://www.peoplesbank.bank

PBCO Financial Corp is a local community bank, focusing on delivering high quality services. It offers various deposit products, including checking, savings, and money market accounts, as well as certificates of deposit.