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Graham Number is a figure that measures a stock's fundamental value by taking into account the company's earnings per share and book value per share. The Graham number is the upper bound of the price range that a defensive investor should pay for the stock. According to the theory, any stock price below the Graham number is considered undervalued, and thus worth investing in.
CAI:RAYA'
s Price-to-Graham-Number Range Over the Past 10 Years
Min: 0.26 Med: 1.17 Max: 5.72
Current: 1.68
During the past 13 years, the highest Price to Graham Number ratio of Raya Holding for Financial Investments was 5.72. The lowest was 0.26. And the median was 1.17.
CAI:RAYA's Price-to-Graham-Number is ranked worse than 79.34% of 363
companies
in the Conglomerates industry
Industry Median: 0.89
vs CAI:RAYA: 1.68
Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation. It is a very conservative way of valuing a stock.
Raya Holding for Financial Investments (CAI:RAYA) Graham Number Explanation
Ben Graham actually did not publish a formula like this. But he wrote in The Intelligent Investor (1948 version) regarding to the criteria for purchases:
Current price should not be more than 15 times average earnings of the past three years.
Current price should not be more than 1.5 times the book value last reported. However, a multiplier of earnings below 15 could justify a correspondingly higher multiplier of assets. As a rule of thumb we suggest that the product of the multiplier times the ratio of price to book value should not exceed 22.5. (This figure corresponds to 15 times earnings and 1.5 times book value. It would admit an issue selling at only 9 times earnings and 2.5 times asset value, etc.)
Unlike valuation methods such as DCF or Discounted Earnings, the Graham number does not take growth into the valuation. Unlike the valuation methods based on book value alone, it takes into account the earnings power. Therefore, the Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation.
In general, the Graham number is a very conservative way of valuing a stock. It cannot be applied to companies with negative book values.
Raya Holding for Financial Investments's Price to Graham number Ratio for today is calculated as
Price to Graham number
=
Share Price (Today)
/
Graham number (Q: Mar. 2026 )
=
7.24
/
4.32
=
1.68
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Be Aware
Please keep these in mind:
1. Graham Number does not take growth into account. Therefore it underestimates the values of the companies that have good earnings growth. We feel that if the earnings per share grows more than 10% a year, Graham Number underestimates the value.
2. Graham Number punishes the companies that have temporarily low earnings. Therefore, an average of earnings makes more sense in the calculation of Graham Number.
3. Graham Numbers underestimates companies that are light with book.
Raya Holding for Financial Investments Graham Number Related Terms
Raya Holding for Financial Investments Graham Number Historical Data
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Raya Holding for Financial Investments Graham Number Chart
Raya Holding for Financial Investments Annual Data
For the Conglomerates subindustry, Raya Holding for Financial Investments's Price-to-Graham-Number, along with its competitors' market caps and Price-to-Graham-Number data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Raya Holding for Financial Investments Price-to-Graham-Number vs Conglomerates Industry
For the Conglomerates industry and Industrials sector, Raya Holding for Financial Investments's Price-to-Graham-Number distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Raya Holding for Financial Investments's Price-to-Graham-Number falls into.
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Raya Holding for Financial Investments (CAI:RAYA) has a Graham Number of E£4.32 as of Mar. 2026. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on Raya Holding for Financial Investments and its competitors. According to the industry distribution chart, Raya Holding for Financial Investments ranks #288 out of 363 companies in the Conglomerates industry, placing it in the top 79.3%.
Is Raya Holding for Financial Investments' Graham Number too high?
Raya Holding for Financial Investments' current Graham Number is E£4.32. Based on the distribution chart, Raya Holding for Financial Investments ranks #288 out of 363 companies in the Conglomerates industry, which is in the bottom quartile relative to peers. Overall, Raya Holding for Financial Investments has a GF Score™ of 83/100 and is considered Significantly Overvalued, reflecting its overall financial health beyond just this single metric.
How does Raya Holding for Financial Investments' Graham Number compare to MMM and HON?
According to the Conglomerates industry distribution chart, Raya Holding for Financial Investments ranks #288 out of 363 companies for Graham Number. This places Raya Holding for Financial Investments in the lower half of its industry. The industry median Graham Number is 0.89. See the competitive comparison table and distribution chart on this page for a detailed peer-by-peer breakdown.
What is a good Graham Number for a Conglomerates company?
The median Graham Number among Conglomerates companies is 0.89, based on 363 companies in the industry. Companies in the top quartile (top 25%) have a Graham Number significantly above this median, while those in the bottom quartile fall well below. However, Graham Number should not be evaluated in isolation — investors should consider it alongside profitability, growth, and financial strength metrics. Use the industry distribution chart on this page to see where any company falls relative to its peers.
What does a high Graham Number mean?
A high Graham Number can signal that a stock is expensive relative to its fundamentals. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on Raya Holding for Financial Investments and its competitors. For the Conglomerates industry, the median Graham Number is 0.89 — values significantly above this may indicate overvaluation, while values below may suggest a bargain or underlying issues. Raya Holding for Financial Investments's current Graham Number is E£4.32. However, context matters — high-growth companies often justify higher valuations. Always evaluate alongside other metrics like GF Score™ and GF Value™.
Is Raya Holding for Financial Investments stock overvalued right now?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, Raya Holding for Financial Investments (CAI:RAYA) is currently considered Significantly Overvalued. The stock's GF Value™ is E£4.89, compared to a current price of E£7.24 — trading 48.1% above its estimated fair value. The current Graham Number is E£4.32. Raya Holding for Financial Investments' overall GF Score™ is 83/100 with 9 warning signs to review. Investors should evaluate multiple metrics — including profitability, growth, and financial strength — before making a decision.
How is Graham Number calculated?
Graham Number is calculated from a company's financial statements. For Raya Holding for Financial Investments (CAI:RAYA), the current Graham Number is E£4.32 as of Mar. 2026. GuruFocus calculates this using data sourced from SEC filings and annual reports. See the calculation section and 30-year financial data on this page for the full breakdown.
Is Raya Holding for Financial Investments (CAI:RAYA) Overvalued in 2026?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, Raya Holding for Financial Investments stock appears to be overvalued.
The current stock price of E£7.24 is trading 48.1% above its estimated GF Value™ of E£4.89.
GuruFocus considers Raya Holding for Financial Investments to be Significantly Overvalued.
Key valuation signals for CAI:RAYA:
Graham Number: E£4.32
GF Value™: E£4.89 vs. price of E£7.24 (48.1% above fair value)
No single metric tells the full story. See the CAI:RAYA stock analysis page for a complete view including 30-year financials, guru trades, and insider activity.
Raya Holding for Financial Investments operates in Trade and distribution, Information technology, Call centers, Finance lease, International services, Land transportation, Manufacturing, Restaurants, Non-bank financial services, Manufacturing and export, Canned foods, vehicle manufacturing, and Other activities. The firm generates a majority of its revenue from the Trade Distribution sector. The company operates in Land, Buildings, Electrical equipment, leasehold Improvements, Furniture and office equipment, Computers, and Fixtures. Geographically, it operates in Egypt, Algeria, the Gulf, and Saudi.
83GF Score
Get the complete analysis for CAI:RAYA
Graham Number is just one metric. See GF Value™, 30-year financials, guru trades, warning signs, and more.
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