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Cloudia Research SpAFRA:ZP2 17 3-Year Book Growth Rate is 66.50% as of Dec. 2025, which is 29% below its 10-year median of 93.20. GuruFocus rates FRA:ZP2 with a GF Score™ of 17/100. The stock has 4 warning signs investors should review. Among 2,501 Software companies, Cloudia Research SpA ranks better than 94.64% on this metric.
During the past 12 months, Cloudia Research SpA's average Book Value per Share Growth Rate was 1.30% per year.
During the past 3 years, the average Book Value per Share Growth Rate was 66.50% per year.
Please click Growth Rate Calculation Example (GuruFocus) to see how GuruFocus calculates Wal-Mart Stores Inc (WMT)'s revenue growth rate. You can apply the same method to get the average Book Value per Share growth rate.
During the past 5 years, the highest 3-Year average Book Value per Share Growth Rate of Cloudia Research SpA was 119.90% per year. The lowest was 66.50% per year. And the median was 93.20% per year.
Cloudia Research SpA (FRA:ZP2) 3-Year Book Growth Rate Explanation
Book Value per Share is the ratio of equity available to common shareholders divided by the shares outstanding. Book value per share effectively indicates a firm's net asset value on a per-share basis. It can be used by investors to gauge whether a stock price is undervalued by comparing it to the firm's market value per share. Theoretically, it is what the shareholders will receive if the company is liquidated.
Cloudia Research SpA 3-Year Book Growth Rate Related Terms
FRA:ZP2 vs IBM, ACN, FISV: 3-Year Book Growth Rate Comparison
For the Information Technology Services subindustry, Cloudia Research SpA's 3-Year Book Growth Rate, along with its competitors' market caps and 3-Year Book Growth Rate data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Cloudia Research SpA 3-Year Book Growth Rate vs Software Industry
For the Software industry and Technology sector, Cloudia Research SpA's 3-Year Book Growth Rate distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Cloudia Research SpA's 3-Year Book Growth Rate falls into.
Cloudia Research SpA 3-Year Book Growth Rate Calculation
This is the 3-year average growth rate of Book Value per Share. The growth rate is calculated using exponential compounding based on the latest four year annual data.
Please click Growth Rate Calculation Example (GuruFocus) to see how GuruFocus calculates Wal-Mart Stores Inc (WMT)'s revenue growth rate. You can apply the same method to get the average Book Value per Share growth rate.
What does a 3-Year Book Growth Rate of 66.50% mean?
Cloudia Research SpA (FRA:ZP2) has a 3-Year Book Growth Rate of 66.50% as of Dec. 2025. 3-Year Book Growth Rate is the 3-year average growth rate of Book Value per Share. View historical data for Cloudia Research SpA and its competitors. This is 29% below median its historical median of 93.20. Over the past decade, Cloudia Research SpA's 3-Year Book Growth Rate has ranged from 66.50 to 119.90. According to the industry distribution chart, Cloudia Research SpA ranks #134 out of 2501 companies in the Software industry, placing it in the top 5.4%.
Is Cloudia Research SpA's 3-Year Book Growth Rate too high?
Cloudia Research SpA's current 3-Year Book Growth Rate of 66.50% is 29% below median its 10-year median of 93.20. Over the past 10 years, this metric has ranged from a low of 66.50 to a high of 119.90. The Software industry median 3-Year Book Growth Rate is 5.40. Cloudia Research SpA's value of 66.50% is 1131.5% above this industry median. Based on the distribution chart, Cloudia Research SpA ranks #134 out of 2501 companies in the Software industry, which is in the top quartile — a strong position relative to peers. Overall, Cloudia Research SpA has a GF Score™ of 17/100, reflecting its overall financial health beyond just this single metric.
How does Cloudia Research SpA's 3-Year Book Growth Rate compare to IBM and ACN?
According to the Software industry distribution chart, Cloudia Research SpA ranks #134 out of 2501 companies for 3-Year Book Growth Rate. This places Cloudia Research SpA in the top 5% of its industry — outperforming the majority of peers. The industry median 3-Year Book Growth Rate is 5.40. Cloudia Research SpA's value of 66.50% is 1131.5% above this benchmark. Historically, Cloudia Research SpA's own 3-Year Book Growth Rate has ranged from 66.50 to 119.90 over the past decade. While the company's 10-year median is 93.20 vs. the industry median of 5.40, Cloudia Research SpA has consistently been above the industry average. See the competitive comparison table and distribution chart on this page for a detailed peer-by-peer breakdown.
What is a good 3-Year Book Growth Rate for a Software company?
The median 3-Year Book Growth Rate among Software companies is 5.40, based on 2,501 companies in the industry. Companies in the top quartile (top 25%) have a 3-Year Book Growth Rate significantly above this median, while those in the bottom quartile fall well below. However, 3-Year Book Growth Rate should not be evaluated in isolation — investors should consider it alongside profitability, growth, and financial strength metrics. Cloudia Research SpA's current 3-Year Book Growth Rate of 66.50% is 1131.5% above the industry median. Use the industry distribution chart on this page to see where any company falls relative to its peers.
What does a high 3-Year Book Growth Rate mean?
A high 3-Year Book Growth Rate can signal that a stock is expensive relative to its fundamentals. 3-Year Book Growth Rate is the 3-year average growth rate of Book Value per Share. View historical data for Cloudia Research SpA and its competitors. For the Software industry, the median 3-Year Book Growth Rate is 5.40 — values significantly above this may indicate overvaluation, while values below may suggest a bargain or underlying issues. Cloudia Research SpA's current 3-Year Book Growth Rate is 66.50%, which is 29% below median its own 10-year median of 93.20. However, context matters — high-growth companies often justify higher valuations. Always evaluate alongside other metrics like GF Score™ and GF Value™.
Is Cloudia Research SpA stock overvalued right now?
Cloudia Research SpA (FRA:ZP2) has a current 3-Year Book Growth Rate of 66.50%. The current 3-Year Book Growth Rate is 66.50%, which is 29% below median its 10-year median of 93.20 and 1131.5% above the Software industry median of 5.40. Cloudia Research SpA's overall GF Score™ is 17/100 with 4 warning signs to review. Investors should evaluate multiple metrics — including profitability, growth, and financial strength — before making a decision.
How is 3-Year Book Growth Rate calculated?
3-Year Book Growth Rate is calculated from a company's financial statements. For Cloudia Research SpA (FRA:ZP2), the current 3-Year Book Growth Rate is 66.50% as of Dec. 2025. GuruFocus calculates this using data sourced from SEC filings and annual reports. See the calculation section and 30-year financial data on this page for the full breakdown.
Cloudia Research SpA operates in the IT sector, providing services aimed at the digital transformation of business activity. It is engaged in digital transformation process, designing and providing innovative and customized solutions that allows to implement automated and interconnected IT management systems, which replace previous systems, improving operational efficiency and competitiveness.
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