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Cloudia Research SpAFRA:ZP2 17 3-Year Share Buyback Ratio is -7.70 as of Dec. 2025. GuruFocus rates FRA:ZP2 with a GF Score™ of 17/100. The stock has 4 warning signs investors should review. Among 2,136 Software companies, Cloudia Research SpA ranks worse than 71.82% on this metric.
Shares Outstanding (EOP) are shares that have been authorized, issued, and purchased by investors and are held by them.
3-Year Share Buyback Ratio measures the average annual proportion of a company's outstanding shares repurchased over the past three years. It is calculated as the annualized percentage change in shares outstanding from three years ago to the current year. A positive ratio may indicate share buybacks over the period, while a zero or negative ratio may reflect no repurchases or potential share issuance. Cloudia Research SpA's current 3-Year Share Buyback Ratio was -7.70%.
The historical rank and industry rank for Cloudia Research SpA's 3-Year Share Buyback Ratio or its related term are showing as below:
FRA:ZP2'
s 3-Year Share Buyback Ratio Range Over the Past 10 Years
Min: -7.7 Med: -7.7 Max: -7.7
Current: -7.7
During the past 5 years, Cloudia Research SpA's highest 3-Year Share Buyback Ratio was -7.70%. The lowest was -7.70%. And the median was -7.70%.
FRA:ZP2's 3-Year Share Buyback Ratio is ranked worse than 71.82% of 2136
companies
in the Software industry
Industry Median: -1.6
vs FRA:ZP2: -7.70
Cloudia Research SpA (FRA:ZP2) 3-Year Share Buyback Ratio Explanation
A negative number means the company might be issuing new shares. A positive number indicates that the company is buying back shares.
Be Aware
Investors usually like share buybacks. But as pointed by Warren Buffett, only if a company buys back shares at the prices below the stock's intrinsic value, it rewards remaining shareholders. If a company buys its overvalued stocks back, it destroys shareholder value.
Cloudia Research SpA 3-Year Share Buyback Ratio Related Terms
FRA:ZP2 vs IBM, ACN, FISV: 3-Year Share Buyback Ratio Comparison
For the Information Technology Services subindustry, Cloudia Research SpA's 3-Year Share Buyback Ratio, along with its competitors' market caps and 3-Year Share Buyback Ratio data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Cloudia Research SpA 3-Year Share Buyback Ratio vs Software Industry
For the Software industry and Technology sector, Cloudia Research SpA's 3-Year Share Buyback Ratio distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Cloudia Research SpA's 3-Year Share Buyback Ratio falls into.
Cloudia Research SpA 3-Year Share Buyback Ratio Calculation
This is the annualized percentage change in shares outstanding from three years ago to the current year. The annualized percentage change is calculated with expontential compound based on the latest four years of annual data on Shares Outstanding (EOP).
Please click Growth Rate Calculation Example (GuruFocus) to see how GuruFocus calculates Wal-Mart Stores Inc (WMT)'s revenue growth rate. You can apply the same method to get the average dividends per share growth rate.
What does a 3-Year Share Buyback Ratio of -7.70 mean?
Cloudia Research SpA (FRA:ZP2) has a 3-Year Share Buyback Ratio of -7.70 as of Dec. 2025. The 3-Year Share Buyback Ratio measures the average annual proportion of a company's outstanding shares repurchased over the past three years. It is calculated as the annualized percentage change in shares outstanding from three years ago to the current year. View historical data for Cloudia Research SpA and its competitors. According to the industry distribution chart, Cloudia Research SpA ranks #1534 out of 2136 companies in the Software industry, placing it in the top 71.8%.
Is Cloudia Research SpA's 3-Year Share Buyback Ratio too high?
Cloudia Research SpA's current 3-Year Share Buyback Ratio is -7.70. Based on the distribution chart, Cloudia Research SpA ranks #1534 out of 2136 companies in the Software industry, which is below the industry midpoint. Overall, Cloudia Research SpA has a GF Score™ of 17/100, reflecting its overall financial health beyond just this single metric.
How does Cloudia Research SpA's 3-Year Share Buyback Ratio compare to IBM and ACN?
According to the Software industry distribution chart, Cloudia Research SpA ranks #1534 out of 2136 companies for 3-Year Share Buyback Ratio. This places Cloudia Research SpA in the lower half of its industry. See the competitive comparison table and distribution chart on this page for a detailed peer-by-peer breakdown.
What is a good 3-Year Share Buyback Ratio for a Software company?
A good 3-Year Share Buyback Ratio depends on the Software industry context. However, 3-Year Share Buyback Ratio should not be evaluated in isolation — investors should consider it alongside profitability, growth, and financial strength metrics. Use the industry distribution chart on this page to see where any company falls relative to its peers.
What does a high 3-Year Share Buyback Ratio mean?
A high 3-Year Share Buyback Ratio can signal that a stock is expensive relative to its fundamentals. The 3-Year Share Buyback Ratio measures the average annual proportion of a company's outstanding shares repurchased over the past three years. It is calculated as the annualized percentage change in shares outstanding from three years ago to the current year. View historical data for Cloudia Research SpA and its competitors. Cloudia Research SpA's current 3-Year Share Buyback Ratio is -7.70. However, context matters — high-growth companies often justify higher valuations. Always evaluate alongside other metrics like GF Score™ and GF Value™.
Is Cloudia Research SpA stock overvalued right now?
Cloudia Research SpA (FRA:ZP2) has a current 3-Year Share Buyback Ratio of -7.70. The current 3-Year Share Buyback Ratio is -7.70. Cloudia Research SpA's overall GF Score™ is 17/100 with 4 warning signs to review. Investors should evaluate multiple metrics — including profitability, growth, and financial strength — before making a decision.
How is 3-Year Share Buyback Ratio calculated?
3-Year Share Buyback Ratio is calculated from a company's financial statements. For Cloudia Research SpA (FRA:ZP2), the current 3-Year Share Buyback Ratio is -7.70 as of Dec. 2025. GuruFocus calculates this using data sourced from SEC filings and annual reports. See the calculation section and 30-year financial data on this page for the full breakdown.
Cloudia Research SpA operates in the IT sector, providing services aimed at the digital transformation of business activity. It is engaged in digital transformation process, designing and providing innovative and customized solutions that allows to implement automated and interconnected IT management systems, which replace previous systems, improving operational efficiency and competitiveness.
17GF Score
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