PT Bank QNB Indonesia Tbk Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of PT Bank QNB Indonesia Tbk for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 1 | + | 0.528 * 1 | + | 0.404 * 0.9979 | + | 0.892 * 0.8024 | + | 0.115 * 0.8158 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 1.2258 | + | 4.679 * -0.079397 | - | 0.327 * 0.1909 |
| = | -2.82 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Mar24) TTM: | Last Year (Mar23) TTM: |
Total Receivables was Rp0 Mil.
Revenue was 147153 + 171732 + 192858 + 129120 = Rp640,863 Mil.
Gross Profit was 147153 + 171732 + 192858 + 129120 = Rp640,863 Mil.
Total Current Assets was Rp0 Mil.
Total Assets was Rp11,496,635 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was Rp212,239 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was Rp75,573 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was Rp125,834 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was Rp0 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was Rp102,358 Mil.
Net Income was 9032 + 3737 + 12578 + 23909 = Rp49,256 Mil.
Non Operating Income was 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = Rp0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 1014273 + 78714 + -259309 + 128377 = Rp962,055 Mil.
|
Total Receivables was Rp0 Mil.
Revenue was 236598 + 150076 + 148111 + 263929 = Rp798,714 Mil.
Gross Profit was 236598 + 150076 + 148111 + 263929 = Rp798,714 Mil.
Total Current Assets was Rp0 Mil.
Total Assets was Rp16,710,573 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was Rp273,756 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was Rp74,632 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was Rp127,943 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was Rp0 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was Rp779,137 Mil.
|
1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (0 / 640863) | / | (0 / 798714) |
| = | 0 | / | 0 |
| | = | 1 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (798714 / 798714) | / | (640863 / 640863) |
| = | 1 | / | 1 |
| | = | 1 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (0 + 212239) / 11496635) | / | (1 - (0 + 273756) / 16710573) |
| = | 0.981539 | / | 0.983618 |
| | = | 0.9979 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 640863 | / | 798714 |
| | = | 0.8024 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (74632 / (74632 + 273756)) | / | (75573 / (75573 + 212239)) |
| = | 0.214221 | / | 0.262578 |
| | = | 0.8158 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (125834 / 640863) | / | (127943 / 798714) |
| = | 0.196351 | / | 0.160186 |
| | = | 1.2258 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((102358 + 0) / 11496635) | / | ((779137 + 0) / 16710573) |
| = | 0.008903 | / | 0.046625 |
| | = | 0.1909 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (49256 - 0 | - | 962055) | / | 11496635 |
| | = | -0.079397 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
PT Bank QNB Indonesia Tbk has a M-score of -2.82 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
PT Bank QNB Indonesia Tbk (ISX:BKSW) Business Description
Traded in Other Exchanges
N/A
Address
Jalan Jendral Sudirman Kavling 52-53, Revenue Tower, 8th Floor, District 8, SCBD Lot 13, Jakarta, IDN, 12190
PT Bank QNB Indonesia Tbk is a financial institution engaged in providing personal banking and wholesale banking services including savings accounts, deposits, demand deposits, term deposits, current accounts and cash management. It also offers loans and advances, overdrafts, credit facilities, borrowings and other credit facilities. In addition, it offers services of debit and credit cards, safe deposit box, export-import services, fund transfer, and related services. The group operates its business in the lines of Credit, Treasury, and Trade finance. The majority of the company's revenue comprises of interest and dividend income, fees, and commission received from domestic business. It has a geographical presence in the Indonesian locations of Jakarta, Sumatera, Jawa, and Wilayah Timur.
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